Show:
Network Technologies
Network Media and Topologies
Network Devices
OSI Model
OSI- Random trivia
100
Common Protocols name 3
What is: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DNS (Domain Name System) FTP (File Transfer Protocol) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol version 4) NTP (Network Time Protocol) POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) - VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) - VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) SNMP2/3 (Simple Network Management Protocol version 2 or 3) SSH (Secure Shell) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)[edit] Telnet[edit] TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)[edit] TLS (Transport Layer Security)[edit] UDP (User Datagram Protocol)[edit]
100
List 3 cabling standards and describe them
What is : Category 3 Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 3 was a popular cabling format among computer network administrators in the early 1990s, but fell out of popularity in favor of the very similar, but higher performing, Category 5 standard. Cat 3 is currently still in use in two-line telephone systems, and can easily be adapted to run Voice over Internet Protocol (as long as a dedicated local area network for the telephones is created). Transmission speed: up to 10 Mbit/s Distance: 100 meters Duplex (two-way communication): Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3) Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below Frequency: 16 MHz Category 5 Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 5 cable includes four twisted pairs in a single cable jacket. This use of balanced lines helps preserve a high signal-to-noise ratio despite interference from both external sources and other pairs (this latter form of interference is called crosstalk). Transmission speed: up to 100 Mbit/s Distance: 100 meters Duplex: Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3) Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below Frequency: 100 MHz Category 5e Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 5e cable is an enhanced version of Category 5 that adds specifications for far end crosstalk. Transmission speed: up to 1000 Mbit/s (also known as 1 Gbit/s) Distance: 100 meters Duplex: Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3) Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below Frequency: 350 MHz Category 6 Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 6 features more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise than Category 5e. Transmission speed: up to 10 Gbit/s Distance: 100 meters Duplex: Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3) Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below Frequency: 250 MHz (500 MHz for Category 6a) UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP cable format Eight copper wires twisted into four color-coded pairs and then wound inside a jacket to reduce crosstalk. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) STP cable format Shielded Twisted Pair Eight copper wires twisted into four color-coded pairs and then wound inside a shield of wire mesh to prevent electromagnetic interference. Multimode fiber The propagation of light through a multi-mode optical fiber. In fiber-optic communication, a multimode fiber is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over shorter distances, such as within a building or on a campus. More than one signal can be transmitted at a time by bouncing the light off of the walls of the core because of the size of its core, greater than 10 microns. It can be made of glass or plastic, as the tolerances required over shorter distances allow for the use of plastic. The shorter distance also allows for the use of a laser or a less expensive LED (light emitting diode) as the source of light traveling through the fiber. Speed Distance 100 Mbit/s 2 kilometers 1 Gbit/s 550 meters 10 Gbit/s 300 meters Duplex: Full (one fiber each direction) Noise immunity: not susceptible to electromagnetic interference Single-mode fiber The structure of a typical single-mode fiber. 1. Core: 8 µm diameter 2. Cladding: 125 µm dia. 3. Buffer: 250 µm dia. 4. Jacket: 400 µm dia. In fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode) over a great distance. Its core measures 8-10 microns and allows for less dispersion of light than multimode fiber. It requires the use of a laser in order to reach long distances at high speeds. Transmission speed: up to 10 Gbit/s Distance: 40 kilometers Duplex: Full (one fiber each direction) Noise immunity: not susceptible to electromagnetic interference
100
List two devices
What is a hub , repeater , NIC ,
100
This layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means that both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. This layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component. Application layer functions typically include identifying communication partners, determining resource availability, and synchronizing communication. When identifying communication partners, the application layer determines the identity and availability of communication partners for an application with data to transmit. When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network resources for the requested communication exist. In synchronizing communication, all communication between applications requires cooperation that is managed by the application layer.
What is Application
100
layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer. Originally, this layer was intended for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint media, characteristic of wide area media in the telephone system. Local area network architecture, which included broadcast-capable multiaccess media, was developed independently of the ISO work in IEEE Project 802. IEEE work assumed sublayering and management functions not required for WAN use. In modern practice, only error detection, not flow control using sliding window, is present in data link protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and, on local area networks, the IEEE 802.2 LLC layer is not used for most protocols on the Ethernet, and on other local area networks, its flow control and acknowledgment mechanisms are rarely used. Sliding window flow control and acknowledgment is used at the transport layer by protocols such as TCP, but is still used in niches where X.25 offers performance advantages.
What is Data link
200
List 4 Common Ports
What is : Port Protocol 20 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 21 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 22 SSH (Secure Shell) 23 Telnet 25 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 53 DNS (Domain Name System) 80 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 110 POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) 123 NTP (Network Time Protocol) 143 IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol version 4) 443 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) 53 DNS (Domain Name System) 67 BOOTPS/DHCP (Bootstrap Protocol/Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 69 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 161 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
200
List one common connector type and describe
What is :RJ-11 (Registered Jack 11) RJ-11 is a physical interface often used for terminating telephone wires. It is probably the most familiar of the registered jacks, being used for single line Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) telephone jacks in most homes across the world. RJ-14 is similar, but for two lines, and RJ-25 is for three lines. The telephone line cord and its plug are more often a true RJ-11 with only two conductors. RJ-45 (Registered Jack 45) An 8P8C modular plug before having been crimped onto a cable The 8 Position 8 Contact (8P8C) (often incorrectly called RJ-45) plugs and sockets are most regularly used as an Ethernet connector. 8P8C connectors are typically used to terminate twisted pair cable. BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) Male 50 ohm BNC connector The BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connector is a very common type of connector used for terminating coaxial cable. The BNC connector is used for RF signal connections, for analog and digital video signals, amateur radio antenna connections, aviation electronics (avionics) and many other types of electronic test equipment. It is an alternative to the RCA connector when used for composite video on commercial video devices, although many consumer electronics devices with RCA jacks can be used with BNC-only commercial video equipment via a simple adapter. SC (Subscriber Connector or Standard Connector) SC connector A fiber-optic connector with a push-pull mechanism to allow locking in place while still being simple to insert and remove. ST (Straight Tip) ST connector A fiber-optic connector with a socket that is locked in place with a bayonet lock. ST was the first de-facto standard for fiber-optic cabling, and has since been made an official standard. LC (Local Connector or Lucent Connector) LC connector Developed by Lucent. It looks like a smaller version of the SC connector. It is used in Telco environments. RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) RS-232 RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for serial binary data signals connecting between DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports.
200
The difference between a hub and router
What is a hub :Hubs connect computers together in a star topology network. Due to their design, they increase the chances for collisions. Hubs operate in the physical layer of the OSI model and have no intelligence. Hubs flood incoming packets to all ports all the time. For this reason, if a network is connected using hubs, the chances of a collision increases linearly with the number of computers (assuming equal bandwidth use). Hubs pose a security risk since all packets are flooded to all ports all the time. If a user has packet sniffing software, they can extract data from the network and potentially decode it and use it. Hubs make it easy to "spy" on users on the same LAN as you. a router Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model and efficiently route information between Local Area Networks. Since routers operate in the third layer, the network layer, they must understand layer 3 addressing... such as TCP/IP. A router will divide a broadcast domain by not forwarding broadcasts on one connected network to another connected network. Routers operate in two different planes: the control plane, in which the router learns the outgoing interface that is most appropriate for forwarding specific packets to specific destinations, and the forwarding plane, which is responsible for the actual process of sending a packet received on a logical interface to an outbound logical interface
200
establishes context between application-layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities may use different syntax and semantics if the presentation service provides a mapping between them. If a mapping is available, presentation service data units are encapsulated into session protocol data units, and passed down the stack. This layer provides independence from data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating between application and network formats. The presentation layer transforms data into the form that the application accepts. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network. It is sometimes called the syntax layer. The original presentation structure used the basic encoding rules of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), with capabilities such as converting an EBCDIC-coded text file to an ASCII-coded file, or serialization of objects and other data structures from and to XML.
What is Presentation
200
layer defines electrical and physical specifications for devices. In particular, it defines the relationship between a device and a transmission medium, such as a copper or optical cable. This includes the layout of pins, voltages, cable specifications, hubs, repeaters, network adapters, host bus adapters (HBA used in storage area networks) and more.
What is Physical
300
Name the Addressing Formats hint there are three
What is IPV4, IPV6 and MAC (media Access Control)
300
Name a LAN technology type
What is Ethernet, 10BaseT
300
Explain a firewall.
What is A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication. It is also a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria.
300
This Layer controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation, and establishes checkpointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures. The OSI model made this layer responsible for graceful close of sessions, which is a property of the Transmission Control Protocol, and also for session checkpointing and recovery, which is not usually used in the Internet Protocol Suite. The session layer is commonly implemented explicitly in application environments that use remote procedure calls.
What is Session
300
"Teacher says, every time a bell rings an angel gets his wings." what movie is this
What is its a wonderful life
400
Name one Routing protocols and explain how it works
What is :Link state OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) IS-IS (Intermediate System - Intermediate System) Distance vector RIP (Routing Information Protocol) RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol version 2) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Hybrid EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
400
Name and explaine common logical network topologies
What is Peer to peer and Client/server or VPN and VLAN
400
(MLS) is a computer networking device that switches on OSI layer 2 like an ordinary network switch and provides extra functions on higher OSI layers.
What is Multilayer switch
400
layer provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. The transport layer controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation/desegmentation, and error control. Some protocols are state- and connection-oriented. This means that the transport layer can keep track of the segments and retransmit those that fail. The transport layer also provides the acknowledgement of the successful data transmission and sends the next data if no errors occurred.
What is Transport
400
Santa clauses real name
What is Chris Chringle or saint Nicolas.
500
Name one wireless communication standard and explain how it works.
What is :IEEE 802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ad Speed 54 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s 54 Mbit/s 600 Mbit/s 6.93 Gbps 7Gbps Distance 35 meters 38 meters 100 meters 300 meters Channels 24 11 11 24 Frequency 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4/5 GHz 5 GHz 60 GHz Authentication and encryption WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) is a class of systems to secure wireless (Wi-Fi) computer networks. It was created in response to several serious weaknesses researchers had found in the previous system, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). WPA implements the majority of the IEEE 802.11i standard, and was intended as an intermediate measure to take the place of WEP while 802.11i was prepared. WPA is designed to work with all wireless network interface cards, but not necessarily with first generation wireless access points. WPA2 implements the full standard, but will not work with some older network cards. Both provide good security, with two significant issues: 1) Either WPA or WPA2 must be enabled and chosen in preference to WEP. WEP is usually presented as the first security choice in most installation instructions. 2) In the "Personal" mode, the most likely choice for homes and small offices, a passphrase is required that, for full security, must be longer than the typical 6 to 8 character passwords users are taught to employ. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Wired Equivalent Privacy or Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP) is a scheme to secure IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. It is part of the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard. Because wireless networks broadcast messages using radio, they are susceptible to eavesdropping. WEP was intended to provide confidentiality comparable to that of a traditional wired network. Several serious weaknesses were identified by cryptanalysts; a WEP connection can be cracked with readily available software in one minute or less. WEP was superseded by Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in 2003, followed by the full IEEE 802.11i standard (also known as WPA2) in 2004. Despite its weaknesses, WEP provides a level of security that may deter casual snooping. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) Roaming using a proxy RADIUS AAA server. Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) is an AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) protocol for applications such as network access or IP mobility. It is intended to work in both local and roaming situations. See Objective 6.4: User Authentication for more information. TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
500
List components of wiring distribution
What is Vertical and horizontal cross connects, Patch panels, 66 block, MDFs (Main Distribution Frames) , IDFs (Intermediate Distribution Frames), 25 pair 25-pair, 50 conductors. 100 pair Demarcation point Demarcation point extension Smart jack
500
computer networking method for distributing workloads across multiple computing resources, such as computers, a computer cluster, network links, central processing units or disk drives. Load balancing aims to optimize resource use, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload of any one of the resources. Using multiple components with load balancing instead of a single component may increase reliability through redundancy. Load balancing is usually provided by dedicated software or hardware, such as a multilayer switch or a Domain Name System server process.
What is Load balancing
500
layer provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source host on one network to a destination host on a different network, while maintaining the quality of service requested by the transport layer (in contrast to the data link layer which connects hosts within the same network). The network layer performs network routing functions, and might also perform fragmentation and reassembly, and report delivery errors. Routers operate at this layer, sending data throughout the extended network and making the Internet possible. This is a logical addressing scheme – values are chosen by the network engineer. The addressing scheme is not hierarchical.
What is Network
500
what song from Christmas has the line dashing through the snow !
What is Jingle Bells