OSI Model & Networking Fundamentals
The OSI layer responsible for delivering bits across a physical medium
Physical layer
A routing method where routes are manually configured and do not change automatically
static routing
The protocol used to securely transfer files over an encrypted connection
SFTP
In IPv4, the subnet mask 255.255.255.240 allows how many usable host addresses per subnet?
14
The type of IPv4 address reserved for internal networks and not routable on the internet
private IP address
The OSI layer that provides reliable, ordered delivery of data between applications
transport layer
Logical separation of devices on the same switch to reduce broadcast traffic
VLAN
TCP port 443 is associated with which protocol?
HTTPS
The class of IPv4 address where the first octet ranges from 192–223
Class C
The special IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 is used to test the TCP/IP stack on a local machine. What is this called?
loopback
A network device that operates primarily at Layer 2 to forward frames within a LAN
switch
Wireless security protocol that replaced WEP and uses strong encryption
WPA2/WPA3
A connector commonly used with fiber optic cables
LC / SC / ST
CIDR notation /26 represents which subnet mask?
255.255.255.192
The automatic IP address a device assigns itself when it cannot reach a DHCP server
APIPA address
The traffic type where a single packet is delivered to all devices in a network segment
broadcast
Protocol used to translate private internal IPs to a single public IP for internet access
NAT
A transmission medium that uses light to carry data over long distances with minimal signal loss
fiber optic
Using VLSM, you need a subnet for 30 hosts. Which subnet mask will provide enough usable addresses?
255.255.255.224 (/27)
You are designing a network with subnets of different sizes. What technique allows subnets to use different masks?
Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)
An addressing method that allows flexible subnet sizes using CIDR notation
VLSM
A company wants to ensure high availability for critical services by distributing incoming traffic across multiple servers. Which network device should they use?
load balancer
A network uses wireless signals to send data to multiple devices in a local area, but only one device receives the data. What type of traffic is this?
unicast
Given the IP address 192.168.10.73/28, what is the network address?
192.168.10.64
A company has multiple devices using private IP addresses (192.168.x.x) and wants them all to access the internet using a single public IP. Which technology enables this?
NAT