whats the answer
changes in peripheral vision
scotomas
the leading cause of spinal cord injury
give example
male or female is most likely & why?
trauma
car accident, falls, gunshot wounds, knife wounds
males because the frontal lobe has not developed yet in males and it is responsible for reasoning and judgement
MS typically affects which groups of people..
young adults 20-40 years old
woman
another term for MS is....
much scarring
scarring causes interrupted signals in the nervous system
chronic degenerative neurological disease
multiple sclerosis (MS)
not able to get from one point to another fluently
ataxia
occurs due to the loss of the sympathetic stimulation
occurs within 30 minutes of injury, lasts up to 6 weeks
neurogenic shock
produces vasodilation
the drug of choice to help with flare ups in MS
DOUBLE POINTS!!!!!
the name of the drug in this class
corticosteroids
Methylprednisone/ Solu- Medrol
multiple sclerosis affects...
neurons
surrounding the neurons is the myelin sheath
destruction of the myelin sheath
demyelination
damage produces an inflammatory response
slurred speech
dysarthria
second most common neurological problem
low back pain
causes of low back pain
name three
muscle strain, ligament sprain, disk degeneration, herniation
the 3 early signs of MS
changes in:
1. motor skills
2. vision
3. sensation
relapse takes 1-2 weeks to develop and resolve over 4-8 months
relapsing remitting
as disease progresses the attacks become more frequent and progressive
pins and needles feeling
paresthesia
can occur anytime after the injury and spinal shock phase is over
medical emergency
autonomic dysreflexia
drugs for pain and paresthesia
name 2 of the four
1. anticonvulsant: tegretol (carbamazepine)
2. TCA's: elavil (amitriptyline)
3. beta blockers: popranolol
4. benzodiazepines: klonopin(clonazepam)
signs and symptoms of MS
name 5
muscle weakness, fatigue, dysarthria, bowel/ bladder dysfunction, paresthesia, decrease in visual and hearing acuity, changes in peripheral vision, difficulty swallowing, ataxia, nystagmus, decreased motor coordination
part of spinal cord remains functional and has some function movement below the level of injury
incomplete injury
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
occurs after an injury as a result of disruption in communication pathways of upper and lower motor neurons
occurs within minutes
spinal shock
drugs that help treat muscle spasticity
name the three drugs
antispasmodics
1.lioresal (baclofen)
2. dantrium (dantrolene)
3. zanaflex ( tizanidine)
what does the drug prednisone produce when taken
Name the three side effects of the answer
retain sodium, retain water, increase blood pressure, gain weight, impaired metabolism, increase in blood sugar, hard on GI system
spinal cord has been severed or damaged in a way that eliminates all innervation below the level of injury
complete injury