You
Simpler task versions of the required complex task are practiced
Practice of lead up activities
A practice strategy in which performance of the motor task is imagined or visualized without overt physical practice
Mental practice
- Recovery of neuronal function after brain injury influenced by the intensity of rehab and the timing of the rehab relative to the injury
- Early rehab is necessary for improved outcomes
Effects of rehabilitation on plasticity
Definition: Quality of what movement we are doing
Salience
T/F: PNF patterns are multijoint, diagonal, and rotational
True
A non repeating and unpredictable order of multiple tasks
Random order
What stage are you more likely to give knowledge of performance?
Associative stage
1. Use it or lose it
2. Use it and improve it
3. Specificity of training matters
4. Repitition matters
5. Intensity matters
6. Timing matters
7. Salience matters
8. Age matters
9. Transference
10. Interference
Principles of neuroplasticity
T/F: PNF extremity patterns are named for the beginning of the movement combination that is occurring
FALSE.. named for END RESULT ***
Which tract does FRACTIONATION OF MOVEMENT?
Corticospinal tract ***
PT telling patient what they did wrong, perturbations
Extrinsic
The gain (or loss) in the capability of task performance as a result of practice or experience on some other task
- Acquisition of motor skills in one training experience enhances acquisition of similar or relates skills (positive learning)
- Acquisition of motor skills in one training experience interferes with acquisition of other skills (negative learning)
Transfer training
- Defined as the ability of stem cells to create new neurons in the brain; most important in embryonic development, but continues after birth through lifespan
- Stem cells are involved in brain remodeling following a neurological injury
- Neural precursor cells migrate toward the ischemic area after a stroke; many cells arrive near the ischemic area do not survive, possibly as a result of inflammation.
Neurogenesis
For use with patients with MSK and/or neuromuscular dysfunction
- Guides patient to reach better kinesthetic awareness and neuromuscular control
- Facilitates improved efficiency of movement, timing, and coordination
- Increases ROM, strength, endurance
PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)
Start (extension): scapula in anterior depression; shoulder extension, adduction, IR; elbow flexion; forearm pronation; wrist flexion; finger flexion
End (flexion) : scapula in posterior elevation; shoulder flexion, abduction, ER; forearm extension; forearm supination; wrist extension; finger extension
D2 UE PNF pattern
Component parts of a task are practiced before practice of the whole task
Part/whole practice
How you fix an issue with your own feedback, proprioception sensory awareness leading to a change from within the body
Intrinsic
What are the (3) types of effects of rehab and plasticity?
1. Developmental
2. Maladaptive
3. Normal/adaptive
Start (extension): hip extension, abduction, IR; knee extension; ankle PF, eversion; toe flexion
End (flexion): hip flexion, adduction, ER; knee flexion; ankle DF, inversion; toe extension
D1 LE PNF pattern
Same pattern moving in the same direction
Bilateral symmetrical
The reorganization of neural connections within the brain
Plasticity
Ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile (amount and types of neurotransmitters produced), or structure
Neuroplasticity
- Neurons deprived of oxygen for a prolonged period die and do not regulate, such as in stroke or TBI, excitotoxicity may add more damage
- Oxygen-deprived neurons release large quantities of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, from their axon terminals
- No known drug provides significant neuroprotection for individuals with stroke, TBI, or neurodegenerative disease
- New: promoting angiogenesis by blood vessels to heal the brain
Metabolic effects of brain injury
Start (extension): scapula in post depression; shoulder extension, abduction, IR; elbow extension; forearm pronation; wrist extension; finger extension
End (flexion): scapula in anterior elevation; shoulder flexion, adduction, ER; elbow flexion; forearm supination; wrist flexion; finger flexion
D1 UE flexion and extension
Start (extension): hip extension, adduction, ER; knee extension; ankle PF, inversion; toe flexion
End (flexion): hip flexion, abduction, IR; knee flexion; ankle DF, eversion; toe extension
D2 LE PNF pattern