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Aphasia
Aphasia: Etiology
Aphasia: Neuropathology
Dysarthria
Locus of Damage
100
a multimodality disorder that it is represented by a variety of impairments in auditory comprehension, reading, oral-expressive language, and writing.
What is aphasia?
100
Lesion in Wernicke’s area of temporal lobe might be indicative of ___________________ Aphasia.
What is Wernicke's Aphasia?
100
Also known as stroke, or “brain attack.” Most frequent cause of interrupted blood flow to the brain. Can result from an occlusion or hemorrhage.
What is Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)?
100
Characterized by: voice may be approximately normal or excessively loud, Marked by imprecise consonant production, vowel distortion, and irregular articulatory breakdown, Articulatory breakdowns predominate, so the individual often sounds intoxicated, Rate is typically slow but may be normal, Excess or equal stress (stress placed on unstressed syllables)
What is Ataxic Dysarthria?
100
Damage to lower motor neuron system (aka final common pathway) for muscle contraction
What is Flaccid Dysarthria?
200
Excessive, empty speech (fluent)
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?
200
Lesion in Broca’s area of frontal lobe may indicate _________________ Aphasia.
What is Broca's Aphasia?
200
an abnormal mass of tissue, better known as a tumor.
What is neoplasm?
200
Characterized by: Breathy voice, inspiratory stridor, abnormally short phrases, Monopitch and monoloudness, Hypernasality, and Imprecise articulation of consonants (particularly stop plosives such as /p/, /t/, & /k/ and fricatives such as /f/ and /s/) (Due to lack of intraoral pressure). Myasthenia Gravis can result in this.
What is Flaccid Dysarthria?
200
Most often occurs with bilateral upper motor neuron damage to direct and/or indirect activation pathways
What is Spastic Dysarthria?
300
Nonfluent, Decreased verbal output, Increased effort in speaking, Short, content-filled utterances, Dysprosody, Agrammaticism
What is Broca's Aphasia?
300
Localized with the least reliability of any of the aphasic syndromes. The lesion is often temporal parietal area. The angular gyrus may also be affected, causing alexia and agraphia. Could result from dementia or other brain conditions (i.e. concussion, encephalitis, increased intracranial pressure).
What is Anomic Aphasia?
300
Occurs when the capillary network between arteries and veins is absent and vessels are twisted and tangled.
What is Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) (Hemorrhage)?
300
Unpredictable which signs (lower or upper) will predominate throughout course of disease May be characterized by harsh, strained-strangled voice associated with low pitch, wet, gurgly vocal quality present in some cases, hypernasality, imprecise consonant production and vowel distortions, slow rate and range of movement of articulators
What is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? FYI: This is mixed upper and lower motor neuron, which involves the progressive degeneration of the neurons of the upper and lower motor neuron systems; the etiology is unknown.
300
Cellebellar Lesions
What is Ataxic Dysarthria?
400
Intact comprehension, Poor repetition, Fluent, melodic speech, Anomia (word retrieval difficulty), * Distinguishing feature is POOR repetition ability despite GOOD comprehension.
What is Conduction Aphasia?
400
Basal ganglia and thalamic lesions may indicate ___________________ Aphasia. Thalamic lesions could impair what fx(s)? Basal ganglia lesions could impair what fx(s)?
What is Subcortical Aphasia? Thalamic lesions could primarily cause difficulty with naming as well as declarative memory deficits. Basal ganglia lesions could result in a fluent aphasia, Anomia, as well as paraphasias in spontaneous speech, repetitions, and oral reading
400
a dilated blood vessel, usually an artery that involves a stretching of all layers of the wall, weakening the vessel.
What is an aneurysm? (Hemorrhage)
400
May have accelerated or rapid speaking rate (intelligibility often worsens with continuous speech), hoarse, rough, or breathy vocal quality, monopitch and monoloudness, inadequate constriction/narrowing of vocal tract causes changes in manner of articulation (plosives, affricates fricatives most affected), and speech may sound mumbled. It is most often associated with Parkinson’s
What is Hypokinetic Dysarthria?
400
1)Damage w/in extrapyramidal system causing reduction of movement 2)Damage to extrapyramidal system causing an increase in involuntary movements
1) What is Hypokinetic Dysarthria? 2) What is Hyperkinetic Dysarthria?
500
Severely impaired expressive and receptive language, Mutism or repetitive vocalizations , Often adept at interpreting nonverbal communication (i.e. facial expressions, gestures, body language), No repetition ability
What is Global Aphasia?
500
Complete the following: 1) Lesions deep to/posterior to Wernicke’s area in either temporal or parietal border zone correlate with ________________ Aphasia. 2) Lesion anterior or superior to Broca’s area correlates with _______________ Aphasia.
What is: 1) Transcortical Sensory Aphasia 2) Transcortical Motor Aphasia
500
Two most common causes of hemorrhage of a cerebral artery w/out trauma occurring.
What are rupture of an aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation?
500
Essential tremor of the voice is most common. Normal articulatory/resonance characteristics. Dysphonia (abnormal voice) associated with laryngeal tremor. May demonstrate excessively low pitch and monopitch, intermittent harshness or strain, and pitch breaks.
What is Hyperkinetic Dysarthria?
500
Primarily caused by stroke but can also result from trauma or tumors. Includes: Imprecise articulation; slow rate of speech and/or irregular articulatory breakdowns in speech Harshness, reduced loudness, and hypernasality Symptoms are usually mild and sometimes transitory
What is Unilateral upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria?