Big Picture
White matter has high concentration of ______, and gray matter has high concentration of _____ _____.
white matter = axons; gray matter = cell bodies
Sensory neurons from receptors throughout the body have their cell bodies located in the ____ _____ ______.
dorsal root ganglion
Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts are both responsible for…
Conscious control of muscles in body and face
What is considered a motor unit?
Motor neuron + muscle fibers innervated by the motor neuron
Does cranial nerve III carry sensory, motor, or both fibers?
motor
Distinguish between nucleus, ganglion, nerve, and tract
nuclei (CNS) and ganglions (PNS) are cell bodies; nerves (PNS) and tracts (CNS) are bundles of axons
Pain and temperature information travels through the ______ _______.
Anterolateral system OR spinothalamic tract
Lower motor neurons can be found in 2 places. What are they?
Anterior horn of spinal cord
Motor nuclei of cranial nerves in brainstem
Visceral afferent fibers carry information _________. Visceral efferent fibers send motor innervation _______.
from the viscera (organs) of the body, to the body viscera (organs) and the body periphery.
Name 2 cranial nerves that orginate from the medulla.
Regarding myelination of nerves within the ANS, preganglionic fibers leaving the CNS are ______ and postganglionic fibers traveling to the target organ are _______.
myelinated, unmyelinated
There is a lesion in the left side of the pons affecting the spinothalamic tract. What and where are the effects?
Absent pain or temperature sensation on the right side of the body
Below ______ the only innervation to the LMNs are from the lateral corticospinal tract.
L2
The primary somatosensory cortex is in the _____central gyrus of the ______ lobe.
postcentral, parietal
There is a lesion to the left optic tracts. Identify what field of vision are intact/impaired/absent.
Absent: R temporal VF, L nasal VF
Intact: L temporal VF, R nasal VF
What is the purpose of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? Bonus! Are these CNS/PNS/ANS? Multiple answers can be chosen
Sympathetic: fight or flight; parasympathetic: rest and digest
Bonus answer: PNS, ANS division
Touch and proprioception from vertebral level _____ and below travel through the _____ _______, while touch and proprioception from upper extremities travel through the _______ _______.
T6; fasciculus gracilis; fasciculus cuneatus
Your client sustains an injury. They come to your clinic with poor trunk control, but they are able to complete fine motor tasks. Which tract was impacted?
Anterior corticospinal tract
parasympathetic nervous system!:
cell bodies of preganglionic neurons reside in ...
cell bodies of postganglionic neurons reside in...
- brainstem nuclei and sacral spinal cord
- a ganglia close to the target organ or within the target organ wall
Describe the pathway for CN II
T/N visual fields → T/N retina → NR fibers cross @ optic chiasm/ TR fibers continue on ipsilateral side as the optic tract → fibers synapse with 2nd order neurons in the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus → 2nd order neurons proceed as optic radiations → tract ends when 2nd order neurons reach the ipsilateral primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe
Oligodendrocytes produce ____ in the ____ for ____ neuron(s).
Schwann cells produce ____ in the ____ for ____ neuron(s).
Both are types of ______.
Myelin, CNS, many.
Myelin, PNS, one.
Glial cells
Sammy endures a lesion to the left VPL. What would the likely clinical presentation be?
Absent function of touch, proprioception, pain, temperature, and dull touch in the right upper and lower extremities
Describe the course of the lateral AND anterior corticospinal tracts.
Primary motor cortex → corona radiata → internal capsule → cerebral peduncles → basal pons → anterior medulla/pyramids, and then....
sympathetic nervous system!
cell bodies of preganglionic fibers reside in...
cell bodies of post-ganglionic fibers reside in...
- lateral horn of T1-L3
-paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic chain
There is a lesion to the optic chiasm. What is the clinical presentation of your patient?