Labeling (Photo 1)
Labeling (Photo 2)
Basal Ganglia
Diencephalon
Brainstem
NeoCortex
Direct/Indirect Pathway & Fiber tracts
100
Identify the structure A in this photo: 
Caudate Nucleus
100
What is the term to identify this entire structure shown below?
Brainstem
100
Name the three prominent structures of the Basal Ganglia.
caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
100
The four parts of the diencephalon are:
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus, & Subthalamus
100
Name the 3 parts of the brainstem in order from top to bottom:
Midbrain, pons, medulla
100
The Neocortex makes up __% of the cortex and contains __ layers:
90%; 6
100
Which pathway inhibits the GPi?
Direct
200
Identify the structure B in this photo:
Putamen
200
Identify the structure A in this photo:
Midbrain
200
The putamen and caudate are collectively referred to as:
striatum
200
Which structure is referred to as the "Relay Station" due to it's role as a connector between subcortical and cortical regions?
Thalamus
200
Where in the brainstem is the crus cerebri located?
Midbrain
200
Name layer 1 of the Neocortex:
Molecular
200
Which pathway excites the GPi?
Indirect
300
Identify the structure C in this photo:
Thalamus
300
Identify the structure B in this photo:
Pons
300
Two structures that are not anatomically part of the basal ganglia BUT serve as functionally important interconnections:
Substantia Nigra & Subthalamic Nucleus
300
True or False? The reticular nucleus regulates thalamic activity and thalamocortical relay.
True
300
The decussation of the pyramids occur at which part of the brainstem?
Medulla
300
Name layer 2 of the Neocortex:
External Granular
300
How does each pathway control movement?
Direct: initiate movement / excite motor cortex
Indirect: prevents unwanted or competing movements
400
Identify the structure D in this photo:
Substantia Nigra
400
Identify the structure C in this photo:
Medulla
400
What part of the basal ganglia is responsible for output?
Globus Pallidus
400
The mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus projects to what part of the brain?
Prefrontal Cortex
400
The crus cerebri is a continuation of the...
Internal Capsule
400
Name layer 3 of the Neocortex:
External Pyramidal
400
Fibers that extend from one hemisphere to the other
Commissural Fibers
500
Identify the structure E in this photo:
Subthalamic Nucleus
500
Identify the structure D in this photo:
Superior Colliculus
500
What does the basal ganglia primarily control in the body?
Movement & Posture
500
The lateral dorsal nucleus of the thalamus projects to what part of the brain?
Parietal lobe (& midbrain)
500
Damage to the reticular formation activating system can cause what pathology?
Coma
500
Name layer 4 of the Neocortex:
Internal Granular
500
Fibers that connect areas within the same hemisphere
Association fibers
600
Identify the structure F in this photo:
Globus Pallidus Internal (GPi)
600
Identify the structure E in this photo:
Inferior Colliculus
600
Where does the Nigrostriatal pathway begin and end?
Begins: Substantia Nigra (pars compacta)
Ends: Striatum
600
The pituitary gland is located in the:
Hypothalamus
600
Name at least 3 primary functions of the pons
Sleep, HEARING, Equilibrium, Respiration, SWALLOWING, Eye movements, facial expressions and sensations
600
Name layer 5 of the Neocortex:
Internal Pyramidal
600
Fibers that run from the cortex to the lower parts of the brain & back/spinal cord
Projection fibers
700
Identify the structure G in this photo:
Globus Pallidus External (GPe)
700
Identify the structure F in this photo:
Peduncles
700
Of the following neurotransmitters: Glutamate, dopamine, & GABA which one is
a) excitatory?
b) inhibitory?
c) modulatory?
a) Glutamate is excitatory
b) GABA is inhibitory
c) Dopamine is modulatory
700
Where does the medial geniculate body send information? The lateral geniculate body?
Medial: Auditory Cortex
Lateral: Primary Visual Cortex
700
depression in the midline of the midbrain that separates the two crura cerebri
Interpeduncular fossa
700
Name layer 6 of the Neocortex:
Multiform
700
Corpus Callosum is an example of which fiber? Internal capsule?
Corpus Callosum: Commissural
Internal Capsule: Projection