A __________ process that begins with the evaluation of the communicative context.
Multistage.
100
Broca's area consists of:
inferior frontal gyrus - opercular & triangular
100
Broca's area assembles speech sound/syllable and word order with input from the _________.
premotor complex
100
_______ tracts convey motor instructions to LMN-LCN for respiration, phonatory, and articulatory systems.
Corticonuclear & corticospinal UMN tracts
100
As speech unfolds, real-time events are compared to _________.
auditory and somatosensory expectations
200
After eval of communicative context, associate ideas with words, then _______.
Retrieve words, suppress competition from words w/ similar meaning.
200
Broca's area retrieves "word" from __________.
left middle temporal gyrus & neighboring regions.
200
Right hemisphere homologous areas assemble _________.
prosodic and syllabic accents
200
________ coordinates complex VT mvoements for speech breathing.
Anterior insula.
200
Auditory feedback is processed in _______.
Heschl's gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. Also likely recruit lang comp streams to monitor intended meaning.
300
After retrieving words, assemble _______ for speech sounds & syllables.
motor movements
300
Broca's area retrieves "word" from left mid temp gyrus and neighboring regions via that ___________.
INFERIOR FRONTOOCCIPTIAL FASCICULUS
300
_________ bridges right and left motor plans.
Corpus callosum
300
Somatosensory feedback occurs via _______.
Cerebellum and primary sensory cortex
400
Sequence the words in _________.
Grammatical order
400
Broca's area retrieves sound map of speech sounds from the ________.
PT/SMG (planum temporale & supramarginal gyrus)
400
Just prior to and during ongoing release of speech motor plan, _____ ensure that speech motor movements are smooth, coordinated, and effortless.
BG & cerebellum
400
weakening of _______ is indicated in stuttering (timing of speech sound assembly is disrupted)
Arcuate fasciculus
500
Once you have your words retrieved and in order, apply prosody and rhythmic structure. Then translate into movements of ______________ systems. Finally, self-monitor for accuracy.
Respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory systems.
500
Broca's area retrieves sound map from PT/SMG via the __________.
Arcuate fasciculus
500
_________ initiate speech motor movements.
Left premotor complex and bilateral precentral (& postcentral) gyri
500
Damage to Broca's area (IFG-op & tri)
Results in short, telegraphic utterances, difficulty comprehending semantically complex utterances.