SCI
The passive flexion of fingers during wrist extension (natural biomechanical occurrence). OT uses this movement to increase functional BUE use for patients with spinal cord injuries.
Tenodesis
Pathology of muscle tone following a TBI/CVA that involves specific joint positions of flexion and/or extension.
Flexor synergy or extensor synergy patterns
Known for its "goal-plan-do-check" structure and guided discovery approach, this model targets skill acquisition.
CO-OP Model
What is considered a normal score on the MoCA?
A score of 26 or higher
What is the average reading level according to the NAAL?
8th to 9th grade level
This condition causes partial or complete paralysis on only one side of the body.
Hemiplegia
Damage here may lead to emotional lability with rapid or extreme mood swings and depression.
Left frontal lobe
Used especially for children/adolescents with ADHD, this model emphasizes metacognitive learning, environmental supports, and occupation-centered interventions.
Cognitive Function (Cog-Fun) Model
What does EVM stand for in the GCS, and how many criteria are in each category?
Eye Opening (4), Verbal Response (5), Motor Response (6)
Name 2 factors influencing health literacy.
Complexity and demands of the modern health system
Social stigma (e.g., people assume you don't know how to take care of your condition)
Limited health support measures, or measures not adapted to the person and his/her environment
Complex documents and messages
Lack of health literacy awareness and knowledge
Health professionals’ limited communication skills
Language barriers
Education/income level
Sociocultural factors
List three common causes of autonomic dysreflexia.
Needing to perform bladder/bowel routine, having tight/irritating clothing, pressure injuries, ingrown toenails, extreme temperatures, quick temperature changes, UTIs, constipation, and gastrointestinal problems are all common causes of AD.
Characterized by rigid extension of both the arms and legs and is caused by damage to the extrapyramidal tracts.
Decerebrate posturing
A model using leather lacing tasks to determine cognitive functioning levels in ADLs/IADLs.
Cognitive Disability Model
A client who is agitated, non-purposeful, and requires max assist is most likely at which Rancho level?
Rancho Level IV
Name 2 recommendations to improve readability and grade level, according to Gupta et al., 2017.
Keep information short, using words of one or two syllables, sentences of eight to ten words and paragraphs of three to five sentences.
Limit use of medical jargon and define terms you do use. Avoid acronyms (e.g., CABG, HIV) and be sure to provide the full term along with the acronym if it is needed.
Chunk information with clearly defined headings between sections of information and allowing for more white space on the page.
Use visuals and graphics.
Write at a reading level of 6th grade or below.
Respect and value your audience and emphasize small, practical steps with examples of success in a particular action.
Be consistent in word use.
Use analogies your audience will recognize.
Area of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for sensation.
Dermatome
Loss of personal past (memories) after injury or trauma and is usually recovered during the healing process.
Retrograde amnesia
This cognitive model focuses on person, activity, and environment interactions to support occupational performance and awareness of deficits. Addresses self-awareness, personal context, and identifies cognitive strategies.
Dynamic Interactional Model
A catch followed by minimal resistance through less than half of the ROM is which MAS score?
1+
What is the difference between personal health literacy and organizational health literacy?
Personal health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
Organizational health literacy is the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
This spinal cord level marks the return of effective grasp and release due to intrinsic hand muscle function.
C8
This type of memory allows you to ride a bike without thinking (Hint: Unconscious memory ability, second-hand nature).
Implicit/procedural memory
A 52 year old client recovering from a right CVA is practicing a simple meal-preparation task (making a sandwich). During the task, the client repeatedly forgets to gather all necessary ingredients and becomes frustrated when the sandwich is incomplete. When the OT asks about the errors afterward, the client can verbally identify what went wrong but does not notice the errors as they occur. According to the DIM, which intervention BEST targets the underlying deficit?
A. Practicing the meal prep task repeatedly until errors decrease.
B. Providing structured opportunities for the client to predict potential errors before beginning the task and identify strategies to avoid them.
C. Increasing task complexity to challenge cognitive endurance/flexibility.
D. Simplifying the environment to reduce visual stimuli and reduce cognitive load during the task.
B. Providing structured opportunities for the client to predict potential errors before beginning the task and identify strategies to avoid them.
Someone functioning at this level on the ACLS can live independently.
Level 4.6
Name 3 assessments utilized to evaluate health literacy.
Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM)
Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA)
Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA)
Short Assessment of Health Literacy –Spanish and English (SAHL-S&E)
Newest Vital Sign (NVS)