What is the most common type of migraine?
Migraine without aura
What is the lowest GCS score a patient can have?
3
What is first line therapy for status epilepticus?
Lorazepam - Benzodiazepine
What is the most common pathogen implicated in bacterial meningitis in patients> 20 years?
strep pneumoniae
What is the most common cardioembolic etiology of stroke?
Atrial fibrillation
What is the most common primary benign brain tumor and what is the most common primary malignant brain tumor?
benign - meningioma
malignant - glioblastoma
What GCS score indicates a severe head injury?
< 9
What is first line therapy for absence seizures?
Ethosuximide
What is the classic triad in a patient with meningitis?
Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity
Tpa must be administered within what timeframe for patients who present with ischemic stroke?
4.5 hours
What is first line therapy for cluster headaches? What is first line preventative therapy?
1st line for acute attack - 100% Oxygen
1st line for preventative - Verapamil
What is the definition of a stuporous patient?
Patient is unresponsive except when subjected to repeated vigorous stimuli
What is first line therapy for an acute MS attack?
High dose corticosteroids
What will be the CSF profile in a patient with viral meningitis?
Elevated white blood cell count, normal/slightly elevated protein, normal glucose
What diagnostic test is most sensitive for detection and diagnosis of early stroke?
MRI
List 4 headache red flag symptoms
Age > 50, worst HA of life, sudden onset, systemic symptoms, neuro deficit, change in previous headache pattern
What are signs and symptoms of a basilar skull fracture?
Raccoon eyes, battle sign, CSF rhinorrhea, hemotympanum
What are 3 medications that are used as disease modifying therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?
Interferon B, glatiramer, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, dimethyl fumarate
(monoclonal antibodies, oral therapy, infusion therapy)
Serology studies are the primary diagnostic test for what virus?
Arbovirus - West nile virus
Where is the most common location for a saccular (berry) aneurysm?
Anterior communicating artery
Acoustic neuroma is often associated with what other inherited medication condition?
Neurofibromatosis type 2
What test is performed in a comatose patient if the oculocephalic reflex is absent?
Oculovestibular reflex (caloric stimulation)
What are 3 well established risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis?
- prior EBV infection, low UVB light exposure, low vitamin D level, smoking
What is first line, empiric therapy for a patient with bacterial meningitis?
3rd/4th gen cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime) + vancomycin + dexamethasone
The mechanism of lacunar infarction can be described as what?
small vessel thrombus