Red Eye Roulette
Sudden eye pain, redness, and blurry vision are classic for this ophthalmic emergency.
What is acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Tonometry measures this.
What is intraocular pressure?
This beta-blocker eye drop is part of first-line AACG emergency therapy.
What is timolol?
Trouble paying bills reflects impairment in this category of daily functioning.
What are instrumental ADLs?
The ethical principle behind preventing unsafe driving is this “do no harm” concept.
What is nonmaleficence?
This type of glaucoma sneaks up slowly and painlessly, causing gradual peripheral field loss.
What is primary open-angle glaucoma?
In AACG, pressure rises because this structure gets pushed forward and blocks outflow.
What is the iris?
This systemic drug rapidly lowers IOP and is given orally or IV in AACG. MOA?
What is acetazolamide? inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase decreasing the production of aqueous humor
Forgetting to bathe or wearing shorts in winter signals impairment in these daily tasks.
What are basic ADLs?
This form can be submitted to the DMV in Florida to review a patient’s driving ability.
What is a Medical Referral Form?
This OTC medication class can tip someone with narrow angles into AACG.
What are anticholinergics (e.g., diphenhydramine)?
Shallow anterior chambers in older adults often happen because this structure thickens with age.
What is the crystalline lens?
This cholinesterase inhibitor is first-line for mild–moderate Alzheimer dementia. MOA
What is donepezil? acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
The emotional and physical stress experienced by a caretaker while caring for a patient is known as this.
What is caregiver strain?
Alzheimer dementia primarily affects this type of memory, for example: “zebra, purple, chair.”
What is episodic memory?
This exam technique is the gold standard for determining whether the angle is open or closed.
What is gonioscopy?
Cupping of the optic nerve represents the loss of these neurons.
What are retinal ganglion cells?
This NMDA antagonist is added for moderate–severe Alzheimer disease. MOA?
What is memantine? (NMDA) receptor antagonist
Older adults are especially vulnerable to cognitive side effects of diphenhydramine due to decreased reserve of this neurotransmitter system.
What is the cholinergic system?
Alzheimer disease and glaucoma share degeneration of these neurons spanning eye → brain
What are retinal ganglion cells?
AACG can be confused with this painful, photophobic red-eye condition that shows consensual pain.
What is anterior uveitis?
This definitive procedure creates a new pathway for aqueous humor to escape.
What is laser peripheral iridotomy?
These drug class can worsen both cognition and increase narrow-angle glaucoma risk.
What are anticholinergics?
This geriatric principle guides clinicians to preserve independence while minimizing harm and limiting unnecessary restrictions.
What is the least-restrictive care principle?
When a cognitively impaired patient refuses to stop driving, clinicians must balance autonomy with this ethical obligation to protect the patient and the public.
What is the duty to warn / duty to protect?