Seizures
What is propofol, barbiturates, opioids and benzos
what is flaccid muscle paralysis and loss of sensation below level of injury
The definition of aneurysm
what is weak, thin spot on an artery wall in the brain that balloons out and fills with blood, often forming at vascular branching points
primary vs. metastatic tumor
primary: originates in tissue where they are found
metastatic: multiple tumors, due to cancer
15%
What is continuous seizure activity or two or more seizures occurring without recovery of consciousness
neurogenic shock duration
what is 1-3 weeks
triple H therapy for vasospasm treatment
what is hypertension, hypervolemia* passive hemodilution*
characteristics of pseudotumor cerebri
ICP > 20
normal CSF composition
no intracranial mass/lesion
normal mental status/sensorium
3 things that regulate CBF
cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions (PaCO2, PaO2)
What is the approximate prevalence of epilepsy?
0.6%
spinal cord injury classification
what is ASIA scale (A-E)
(bonus: which lettter is the worst)
2 main definitive treatments for cerebral aneurysm
what is Surgical clipping and Endovascular coiling (IR)
difference between functional vs. nonfunctional pituitary tumors
functional tumors: endocrinologic disturbances due to excess hormone secretion, nonfunctional tumors: typically present with mass effect such as headache and visual changes
volatiles from worst to best for increasing CBF
Halothane >> desflurane > isoflurane > sevoflurane
name of two antiepileptic meds that a pt could be on
levetiracetam (Keppra), lamotrigine (Lamictal), valproic acid (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol), and oxcarbazepine (Trileptal).
What percentage of major trauma patients have spinal cord injury?
1.5-3%
Anesthetic technique is commonly used for aneurysm clipping
what is TIVA Propofol + remifentanil infusion
name 3 complications of pituitary tumor surgery
VAE
Optic nerve injury
Carotid artery injury
Diabetes insipidus
TOF monitoring- On non-paretic limb
why is lumbar drain sometimes inaccurate in measuring ICP
compartmentalization (pressure is no longer uniform throughout the CSF system)
Differentiate between Simple, Complex, Partial, and Generalized seizures
Simple: no LOC, Complex: altered LOC, Partial: limited population of neurons, Generalized: diffuse activation of neurons in BOTH cerebral hemispheres
2 infections that chronic spinal cord injury patients are more likely to have
what is pulmonary and GI tract infections
Maximum recommended duration for temporary clipping
≤ 10 minutes (to avoid ischemic injury)
Oligodendroglioma clincial sign
seizures
definition of neurovascular coupling
local increases in neuronal activity raise local metabolic demand, and CBF increases in parallel.