Clinical and SLP relevance
Percentage of the U.S. population affected by neurological disorders.
What is 20%?
This part of a neuron differs in diameter and length, is typically myelinated, and is present in every neuron.
What is an axon?
These glial cells create myelin in the central nervous system.
What are oligodendroglia?
This is the resting charge of a neuron, in millivolts.
What is -70 mV?
This is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
What is glutamate?
This type of disorder affects 15 million people with neurological conditions.
What are communicative cognitive disorders (developmental or acquired)?
This region of a neuron determines whether an action potential will be generated.
What is the axon hillock?
These glial cells form the blood-brain barrier and regulate neuronal metabolism.
What are astrocytes?
This occurs when sodium channels open and the voltage reaches -55 mV.
What is depolarization?
This neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory regulator of muscle tone.
What is GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
The professionals who assist with neurolinguistic assessments and mental process disorders
Who are Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs)?
This type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.
What is an interneuron?
These glial cells line the brain's ventricles and help secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
What are ependymal cells?
After an action potential, this process involves potassium ion channels opening.
What is repolarization?
This neurotransmitter is involved in movement, learning, attention, and reward.
What is dopamine?
This disease is associated with dopamine degeneration in the substantia nigra.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
This is the tiny gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another.
What is the synaptic cleft?
These tiny glial cells act like macrophages, cleaning up damaged cells in the CNS.
What are microglia?
These bind to receptors on a postsynaptic cell to pass on a signal.
What are neurotransmitters?
Dopamine originates in these two brain regions.
What are the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area?
This disease is associated with a deficiency in cholinergic production in the hippocampus.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
These are the afferent neurons that carry sensory information to the central nervous system.
What are sensory neurons?
These glial cells myelinate nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
What are Schwann cells?
This type of post-synaptic potential increases the likelihood of a neuron firing.
What is an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP)?
This is the only neurotransmitter responsible for skeletal muscle control in the PNS.
What is acetylcholine?