what are the 4 lobes of the brain & what do they do?
Frontal: primary motor area, voluntary movement, behavior regulation, judgement, ability to develop long term goals, reasoning
Parietal: processes sensory information; needed for singing, playing musical instruments, and processing nonverbal visual experiences
Temporal: sound interpretation, memory, speech
Occipital Lobe: visual center
describe the tonic-clonic seizure phase
Tonic: sustained general stiffened muscles lasting few seconds & loss of consciousness
Clonic: symmetric and rhythmic; alternating contraction and relaxation of major muscles. Usually ends in less than 5 minutes. Some have incontinence; jerking extremities; may bite tongue; incontinent
what does the nurse prioritize when caring for a patient diagnosed with MS who is experiencing hypalgesia?
Risk for injury
A patient with Guillain-Barr syndrome is admitted to the hospital. Which priority intervention should be included for this patient?
maintain airway
Which statement about subdural hematoma (SDH) is accurate?
It results from arterial bleeding.
It has the highest mortality rate.
Acute SDH presents within 24 hours after impact.
It involves bleeding between the dura mater and the skull.
It has the highest mortality rate
Name at least 4 diagnostic tests used for neuro problems.
Lumbar Puncture; X-Rays; Cerebral Angiogram; CT; MRI; Electromyography; Electroenceohalography; Myelogram; Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography; PET Scan
A nurse witnesses a patient begin to experience a Tonic-Clonic Seizure and loss of consciousness. Which action should the nurse take first?
Roll patient to side, make sure they are free from injury
Which condition in a patient involves complete but temporary loss of motor, sensory, reflex, and autonomic function?
spinal shock
A patient is taking long-term corticosteroids for myasthenia gravis. What teaching is most important?
avoid large crowds & people who are ill
What is considered a late postoperative complication following craniotomy?
Wound infection or abscess
The nurse is assessing a client who opens both eyes when spoken to, obeys commands, and seems confused during conversation. What is the GCS score that the nurse will document?
14
Name automatisms
lip smacking/chewing; teeth grinding, scratching, pulling clothes/sheets, shuffling, salivation, pupil dilation, skin flushing
Which type of spinal cord injury causes tearing of posterior ligaments and dislocation of vertebrae in the patient?
hyperflexion
The nurse is preparing a patient for a Tensilon (edrophonium chloride) test. What action by the nurse is most important?
obtaining atropine sulfate at the bedside
What is papilledema?
Swelling of the optic disk
What is considered the Gold Standard for diagnosing intracranial vascular disease?
Cerebral Angiography
what are the only approved beta blockers for Migraine prevention?
Propranolol (Inderal) & Timolol (blocadren)
The nurse teaches a patient about prevention of lower back pain, which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
"I will quit smoking" " I will not wear high heels" "I will limit my intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements" "I will maintain good posture while sitting standing and walking
I will limit my intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements
An older patient is hospitalized with Guillain-Barr syndrome. A family member tells the nurse the Patient is restless and seems confused. What action by the nurse is best?
assess the patients oxygen saturation
A patient is diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma. Which cranial nerve (CN) is affected by an acoustic neuroma?
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve/auditory vestibular nerve
Name the Cranial Nerves, In order!
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Auditory, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
(On Old Olympus' Towering Top A French And German Viewed A Hop)
name the cranial nerves & number associated with meningitis
oculomotor (3), trochlear (4), abducens (6), facial (7), acoustic (8)
Which position should be used to reduce the pain of a bulging disk?
semi-fowlers
A patient has been diagnosed with Bells palsy. What drugs should the nurse anticipate possibly teaching the patient?
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Famciclovir (Famvir)
Prednisone (Deltasone)
Valacyclovir (Valtrex
A patient gradually becomes weak, lethargic, and confused following a craniotomy. What electrolyte alteration may be causing the patient's status change?
Hyponatremia