Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a rare progressive neurological disorder characterized by loss of what type of neurons?
What are motor neurons
100
A balance of three components contributes to ICP: Intravascular blood, brain tissue, and ___________.
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
100
What type of breathing pattern is marked by deep and rapid breathing, followed by periods of apnea?
What is Cheyne-Stokes
100
In this type of fracture, there is a break in the bone, but all parts are still aligned.
What is linear
100
What is a sudden transient mechanical head injury with disruption of neural activity and a change in the LOC?
What is a concussion
200
Where on the body do symptoms normally begin?
What are the upper extremities
200
A _______ temperature is more likely to preserve brain tissue.
What is a lower temperature
200
With this type of breathing characterized by irregular spurts, the prognosis is very poor.
What is cluster breathing
200
A comminuted skull fracture involves the shattering of bone fractures and results from what type of impact?
What is direct, high-momentum
200
Following a concussion, the patient normally cannot recall the incident. This is known as retrograde ________.
What is amnesia
300
Although there is no treatment for ALS, Valium is administered to provide relief of what?
What is muscle spasticity
300
This type of pressure can increase ICP related to vomiting, positioning, ascites, etc.
What is intra-abdominal
300
This breathing pattern is a key indicator that the patient is deteriorating very rapidly.
What is ataxic breathing
300
With a temporal fracture, you may see oval shaped bruising behind the ear termed _______.
What is Battle's Sign
300
Numbness and tingling in the extremities are ________ disturbances resulting from a concussion.
What is sensory
400
In a third of ALS patients, this element of CSF is found to be elevated.
What is protein
400
The normal range for ICP is _______ mm Hg.
What is 0-15
400
An apneustic breathing pattern indicates extensive damage in the ________.
What is brainstem
400
What type of skull fracture may result in conjugate deviation of gaze?
What is basilar
400
Contact sports should be avoided for what length of time following minor head trauma?
What is three weeks
500
Only 20% of ALS patients will survive beyond _____ years.
What is 5 years
500
What class of medication is used in the treatment of increased ICP to control edema around tumors and abscesses, but requires ulcer prophylaxis due to side effects?
What is a corticosteroid
500
In order for a patient to be diagnosed with central neurogenic hyperventilation, they must have a respiratory rate > 24/min and a paO2 level > _____ for ______ hours.
What is paO2 > 79, 24 hours
500
Frontal fractures often precipitate pneumocranium, which is air between the _______ and ________.
What is cranium, dura mater
500
What issue can occur anywhere from two weeks to two months following a concussion?