BBB = big booty birthday
which species have rete mirabile (4 in total but will give credit for 2)
what is feline, bovine, ovine, porcine
what is sensorineural deafness
name some tests to perform to test for conscious proprioception
what is proprioceptive positioning, wheelbarrowing, hopping, hemistanding and walking, placing, knuckling (paw replacement)
spinocervicothalamic pathway - what does it sense and how to test it?
bonus for 100: how to test for deep pain?
bonus: what is clamp hemostats at base of toenail and look for any reaction
afferents: tibial and sciatic n. to lumbosacral spinal cord segment
efferents: LMN in sciatic n.
function: activate flexors of leg to move away from stimulus
what is withdrawal reflex
where do you do a CSF tap?
what is cerebellomedullary cistern and cauda equina
what kind of retinal photoreceptors do predator animals have more of?
what are cones
the dorsolateral system such as the rubrospinal pathway controls movement mostly of the ____ (proximal/distal) ______ (flexor/extensors). the ventromedial system such as the vestibulospinal pathway controls movement mostly of the _____ (proximal/distal) ______ (flexor/extensors).
what is distal flexors and proximal extensors
patient shows paresis of limbs, has hypertonia and hyperreflexia of limbs, slow muscle atrophy, and EMG activity is normal. what is the lesion?
bonus for 100: why is there slow atrophy and hypertonia/reflexia in this case?
what is UMN
bonus: UMN partially inhibits LMN to modulate force so if it's lesioned, then we see hypertonia and hyperreflexia. we see slow atrophy since LMN still intact and can still stimulate muscle contractions
afferents: superficial pain receptors to cervicothoracic segment
efferents: lateral thoracic nerve
what is panniculus reflex
vestibulo-occular reflex allows eyes to move in opposite direction of head to keep images stable but then rapidly correct to focus on something new. In animals with a unilateral lesion and showing resting nystagmus, how do you tell which side the lesion is on?
what is slow phase of nystagmus goes towards lesioned side
which components of the inner ear sense linear acceleration of the head/body?
what is utricle and saccule (technically the macula inside the utricle and saccule but I'll take either)
what are the functional regions of the spinal cord
what is craniocervical (C1-5), cervicothoracic (C6-T2), thoracolumbar (T3-L3), lumbosacral L4-S2, sacral (S1-3), and caudal (Cd1-5)
where is the lesion if you have flaccid detrusor and urethralis muscle, the urinary bladder distends and can be easily expressed, and the urethralis muscle lacks tone so that you get overflow incontinence?
what is LMN bladder
afferents: pudendal nerve to sacral spinal cord segment
efferent: pudendal nerve to caudal rectal n.
what is perineal reflex
4 main signs of Horner's syndrome
1. miosis - pupil contraction
2. ptosis - droopy eyelid
3. enophthalmos - sunken eye
4. protrusion of 3rd eyelid
where is there decussation (crossing over of fibers) along the auditory pathway?
what is cochlear nucleus and caudal colliculus?
contraction of facial muscles that is commonly seen with tetanus infection
bonus for 50: what are the cells that the Clostridium tetani endotoxin binds to to cause tetanus symptoms?
what is risus sardonicus
bonus: renshaw cells = inhibitory interneurons that modulate activity of LMN
transection of brainstem between rostral and caudal colliculi that leads to extensor tonus of all limbs and comatose state - what syndrome am I?
what is decerebrate rigidity
in lesioned animals, if you pinch toe of one limb to stimulate withdrawal reflex (not the answer), the other limb extends in lateral recumbancy. what reflex am I?
what is crossed-extensor reflex
in a short phrase, what do each of these vision pathways do?
1. retinogeniculostriate
2. retinotectal
3. retinohypothalamic
4. retinopretectal
what is 1. conscious vision
2. occular fixation reflex
3. circadian rhythm
4. PLR
lesion of LMN that is immune-mediated inflammatory disorder caused by raccoon saliva to attack myelin and axons leading to facial paresis and voice changes early on. Later, there is rapid progression to tetraplegia and no voice. what syndrome am I?
what is polyradiculoneuropathy (coonhound paralysis)
lesion of ascending motor pathway that leads to extension of thoracic limb where hypertonicity disappears when voluntarily moving, and possible pelvic limb paraplegia
what is schiff sherrington syndrome
performing a tendon tap with a reflex hammer shows what reflex? what type of stretch is shown (phasic or tonic)?
what is muscle spindle reflex and phasic stretch?