My spidey senses are tingling
This is the type of stimulus that Pacinian corpuscles detect
What is vibration?
Slide 10
From the cortex, pyramidal fibers descend and spread out in this fan-shaped structure
What is the corona radiata?
Slide 10
This is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction
What is acetylcholine?
Binds to nicotinic receptors
Slide 6
This TCA cycle intermediate is a precursor for glutamate
What is alpha-ketoglutarate?
Slide 12
This term was coined by Judy Singer in 1998 and refers to the natural variation in human cognition
What is neurodivergent?
Slide 3
Before synapsing on the ipsilateral dorsal horn, the primary neuron of the spinothalamic tract does this
What is ascend/descend 1-2 spinal segments?
Slide 35
If there is a lesion on the corticospinal tract below the pyramidal decussation on the left, motor deficits would show on this side of the body
Above the decussation would show contralateral deficits
Slide 15
This reflex is also known as the inverse stretch reflex
What is the golgi tendon reflex?
Slide 8
Nitric oxide is synthesized from this amino acid
What is arginine?
Other neurotransmitters:
Dopamine, NE, and Epi from tyrosine
Serotonin from tryptophan
Acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA
Slide 20
This model of healthcare aims to cure, fix, or reduce autistic characteristics rather than support
What is the medical model?
Slide 5
Intrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by this type of motor neuron
What are gamma motor neurons?
Gamma motor neurons are responsible for adjusting the muscle spindle's sensitivity. When muscles contract, the spindle may become more slack, therefore the gamma motor neurons will fire more steadily in order to remove that slack. Same principal when extending, but backwards. This is to ensure that the muscle spindle can detect changes in muscle length regardless of the current muscle length
Slide 13
When looking at the motor homunculus, this part of the body is represented in the most medial part of the precentral gyrus
What are the leg and foot?
Lateral - face
In between - arm and hand
Slide 6
These are the 2 types of intrafusal muscle fibers
What are nuclear bag and chain fibers?
Slide 13
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both degraded into this
What is vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)?
Dopamine is degraded into homovanillic acid (HVA)
Slide 17
This is approximately how much of the global population is neurodivergent
What is 15-20 percent?
Slide 6
This is where the DCML ascending pathways decussate
What is the medulla?
Primary neuron naming:
Below T6, Fasciculus gracilis - lower body
Above T6, Fasciculus cuneatus - upper body
Lesion tips:
DCML lesions below the medulla cause ipsilateral deficits
DCML lesions above the medulla cause contralateral deficits
Slide 27
What is the vestibulospinal tract?
Slide 22 and 23
Clasp knife rigidity is often associated with a lesion on this spinal tract
What is the corticospinal tract?
Slide 20
This enzyme is the rate limiting enzyme in the catecholamine synthesis pathway
What is tyrosine hydroxylase?
Converts tyrosine to L-DOPA
Slide 16
Name a common challenge that neurodiverse people face in the healthcare system
- Communication mismatches
- Sensory-overwhelming environments
- Provider bias or lack of training
- Inaccessible intake processes
Slide 11
All of the sensory tracts from the face synapse in this thalamic nucleus
What is the ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus?
VPM - Face
VPL - Body
Slide 31
This is the origin of the tectospinal tract
What is the superior colliculus of the midbrain?
Slide 21
These are the afferent fiber groups involved in the flexor withdrawal reflex
What are groups 2, 3, and 4
Stretch reflex - Group 1A
Inverse stretch - Group 1B
Slide 17
This is the part of the brain where norepinephrine is mostly synthesized
What is the locus ceruleus?
Norepinephrine -> epinephrine in the adrenal medulla
Slide 13
This neurodivergent population is at an especially elevated risk for suicide
What are autistic adults?
Slide 9