New policy states that we can't review this DSA
The cortex is divided into these 3 functional areas
What are primary, secondary, and association areas?
Slide 3
What is rhodopsin?
Cones contain photopsin 1-3
Slide 6
10-15 percent of corticospinal tract fibers do not decussate and form this separate tract
What is the anterior corticospinal tract?
The majority decussate and form the lateral corticospinal tractThis branch of the internal carotid is the main artery that supplies the eye
What is the ophthalmic artery?
Slide 15
This cranial nerve innervates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
What is cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve)?
Slide 33
These are the second order neurons connecting the rods and cones to the ganglion cells
What are bipolar cells?
Ganglion cells form the optic nerve and generate action potentials
Bipolar cells generate graded potentials
Both use glutamate as their neurotransmitter
Slide 8
This extrapyramidal tract mediates reflexive head and neck movements toward visual and auditory stimuli
What is the tectospinal tract?
Tip:
Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts do NOT decussate (divide into medial and lateral tracts with medial tracts descending bilaterally)
Rubrospinal and tectospinal tracts DO decussate
Slide 18
These 3 structures make up the uveal layer of the eye
What are the iris, choroid, and ciliary body?
Slide 5
What is Broca's area (area 44,45)?
Slide 16
This disorder is characterized by a rapid, acute decline in vison caused by bleeding secondary to choroidal neovascularization
What is wet AMD?
Metamorphopsia is often an early sign of this disorder
Dry AMD doesn't have bleeding/neovascularization
Slide 14
A lesion effecting the cuneocerebellar tract would cause ipsilateral ataxia of this body part
What is the upper limb?
Basically an upper limb analog of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Slide 14
The primary visual cortex is supplied mainly by this artery
What is the posterior cerebral artery?
The macula is also perfused by MCA collaterals and thus a PCA infarct will spare the macula
Slide 30
This area of the brain is positioned anterior to the paracentral gyrus and coordinates movement involving both hands (Name, not Brodmann's number)
What is the supplemental motor cortex (area 6)?
Slide 12
These two layers separate in a retinal detachment
What are the RPE and choroid?
Slide 15 talks about retinal detachment, this fact was hammered by Dr. L
This is how many times the dorsal spinocerebellar tract decussates
What is 0?
The dorsal spinocerebellar tract does not decussate and thus a lesion here would cause ipsilateral ataxia with intact strength and conscious proprioception
The ventral spinocerebellar tract decussates 2 times (spinal cord and then in cerebellum) and so is functionally ipsilateral
Slide 11
This type of cataract extraction leaves the lens capsule behind in order to hold the synthetic intraocular lens
What is an extracapsular extraction?
In an intracapsular extraction, the IOL is placed in the anterior chamber
Slide 10
The olfactory tract is formed mainly by the axons of this cell type
What are mitral cells?
Slide 28
This disorder is characterized by pupils that accommodate but do not react to light
What are Argyll Robertson pupils?
Accommodation triad: convergence, lens accommodation, and pupillary constriction
Slide 31
The corticobulbar tract fibers descend through which part of the internal capsule
What is the genu?
Projects fibers to CNs 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12
Slide 17
The fibers in Meyer's loop terminates in this gyrus
What is the lingual gyrus?
Tips:
Meyer's loop: upper visual field; through the temporal lobe; lingual gyrus
Baum's loop: lower visual field; through the parietal lobe; cuneus gyrus
Baum looks like "Bum" -> lower visual field
Slide 27