Smooth brain ( ദ്ദി ˙ᗜ˙ )
A CNS infarct leads to this type of necrosis
What is liquefactive?
All other organs undergo ischemic coagulative necrosis
Slide 24
This type of hydrocephalus is caused by a blockage in the CSF pathway
What is obstructive (non-communicating) hydrocephalus?
Slide 13
The ventromedial nucleus, which is responsible for satiety, is stimulated by this hormone
What is leptin?
Lateral nucleus is stimulated by ghrelin
Slide 8
This almond-shaped cluster of grey matter functions as an aversion/salience center
What is the amygdala?
Emotional processing, memory encoding, and decision making
Slide 11
Locked in syndrome results from an infarct in this artery
What is the basilar artery?
Slide 25
What is a red neuron?
Slide 5
This type of edema is due to increased permeability of brain capillaries (BBB breakdown)
What is vasogenic?
Slide 9
This hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for controlling the sleep-wake cycle
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
Slide 15
This functional division of the prefrontal cortex modulates emotional reactions by exerting cognitive control over limbic system activity (top-down regulation of emotion)
What is the dorsolateral PFC?
Slide 17
A lacunar infarct in these deep-penetrating branches of the MCA causes a pure motor stroke
What are the lenticulostriate arteries?
Supply the striatum and posterior limb of internal capsule
Slide 16
What are oligodendrocytes?
PML: Intranuclear inclusions in oligodendrocytes caused by JC virus replication
Slide 19
In a tonsillar herniation, the cerebellar tonsils are displaced through this opening
What is the foramen magnum?
Slide 27
This hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for detecting increases in body temperature and activating mechanisms to cool down the body
What is the anterior nucleus?
Think: A/C -> Anterior Cooling
Posterior nucleus is for heating
Think: Hot post in the sun
Slide 8
The pregenual ACC is frequently activated during experiences of this emotion
What is happiness?
Subgenual ACC -> sadness
Slide 27
Wallenburg (lateral medullary) syndrome refers to an infarct in this artery
What is the PICA?
Dysphagia, hoarseness, decreased gag-reflex
Slide 30
These 2 neuron cell types are the most susceptible to damage during hypoxia and hypoglycemia
What are pyramidal cells (of Sommer's sector of hippocampus) and Purkinje cells (of cerebellum)?
Slide 50
In a subfalcine herniation, this major artery can be compressed
What is the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)?
Slide 23
The posterior hypothalamus stores and releases these two hormones
What are oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)?
Slide 19
This is a common cause of Kluver-Bucy syndrome in children
What is herpes simplex encephalitis?
Adults: Head trauma, stroke
Slide 13
Urinary incontinence can occur in an ACA infarct due to damage to this part of the brain
What is the paracentral lobule?
Slide 12
A type 2 Arnold-Chiari malformation is usually found with these 2 other disorders. One causes the malformation, while the other is a result of it.
What are lumbar myelomeningocele/spina bifida and hydrocephalus?
A myelomeningocele will cause CSF to leak out, lowering the ICP and causing the hindbrain to move downward. The movement downward will compress the 4th ventricle and cerebral aqueduct, leading to obstructive hydrocephalus
Slide 40
Secondary hemorrhages in these two locations can occur in a transtentorial herniation
What are the midbrain and pons (Duret hemorrhages)?
Slide 24
Central diabetes insipidus results from damage to this hypothalamic nucleus
What is the supraoptic nucleus?
Slide 21
The nucleus accumbens is composed primarily of this type of neuron?
What are medium spiny neurons?
Modulated by dopaminergic input from the VTA
Slide 25
Wernicke's aphasia is associated with this visual field defect due to temporal lobe involvement
What is right superior quadrantanopia?
Meyer's loop runs deep to Wernicke's area and is also supplied by the inferior division of the MCA thus it will often be affected as well
Slide 13