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Which parts of a spinal nerve and spinal cord are associated with the sensory pathways and the motor pathways (e.g. dorsal root vs. ventral root)?
What is Dorsal root = sensory pathway. Carries sensory information from the body to the spinal cord. Sensory pathway=Doral root>Dorsal horn>spinal cord> brain.
Ventral root=motor pathway. Carries motor information from the spinal cord to the muscles. Motor pathway=Spinal cord>ventral horn>ventral root> muscles.
Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin on posterior forearm?
What is the definition of tactile?
What is the ability to perceive stimuli (touch, pressure, texture) on skin?
What are mechanoreceptors, and how are they activated by tactile and proprioceptive stimuli?
What is they're sensory receptors mediate tactile senses. Tactile-light touch and deep touch. Proprioceptive stimuli- sense of body in space and movement in space?
What is the DCML pathway and what does it do?
What is Dorsal Column Medial Lemiscal System the primary pathway that carries information about discriminative touch, conscious proprioception, and vibration?
Supraclavicular nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of shoulder, chest, and clavicle?
Radial nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of the posterior hand (except for 5th and medial ½ of 4th digit)?
What is the definition of vibration?
What is the ability to receive vibrating sensations that arise, such as vibrations through the skin when a phone buzzes?
What are the features of a sensory receptor?
What is
- Features
Modality/Specificity: respond best to one type of stimulus (mechanical, thermal, chemical, visual, auditory)
Sensitivity: intensity of stimulus needed for the receptor to detect the stimulus
Low threshold = respond more easily (less intensity needed)
High threshold = stronger/more intense input needed to respond
Receptive Field: the surface area in which the receptor is located and where stimuli will activate a specific receptor
Tactile acuity is determined by size of the receptive field and density of the receptors (small sizer, more precise)
Adaptation Rate: the period of time the sensory stimulation continues; how quickly a receptor ceases to fire with ongoing input
Usually, the intensity diminishes when a stimulus is continuous for an extended period of time
How is the primary somatosensory cortex organized?
What is information from the leg medially on the postcentral gyrus?
FACE, ARM, TRUNK, LEG.
Face=most lateral
Trunk and leg=medial
Axillary nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of deltoid region, upper and lateral arm?
Ulnar nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of medial hand/palm, including 5th digit and medial ½ of 4th digit?
What is the definition of conscious proprioception?
What is awareness of where the body is in space (joint position, direction, velocity of joint movements). Relays impulses to cerebral cortex?
Can you identify the origin and termination of each of the three neurons? Can you identify the discussion?
What is 1st order neuron: Origin: Activated by sensory stimuli in periphery. Termination of 1st neuron: medulla. 1st neuron travels/decussates: Fasciculus Gracilis
2nd neuron origin: caudal medulla cell body in neucleus gracilis or nucleus cuneateus. Termination 2nd neuron: VPL nucelus of thalamus. 2nd neuron travels/decussates internal arcuate fibers medial lemniscus.
3rd neuron: origin: VPL of thalamus. Termination of 3rd neuron: primary somatosensory cortex S1. 3rd neuron travels/decussates-internal capsule.
Where does tactile information from the arm get sent in the postcentral gyrus? What about tactile sensation from the leg?
What is tactile information from the arm laterally on post central gyrus. Tactile information from the leg medially on the postcentral gyrus?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of radial forearm, which includes the base of the thumb?
Median nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of palm side thumb, index, middle and lateral ½ 4th digit?
What are the two types of conscious proprioception and the definition of them?
What is static kinesthesia and dynamic kinestheisa?
-Static Kinesthesia: judge position of joint without seeing or moving it.
-Dynamic kinesthesia: perceived movement of joint and judgment of direction and velocity.
Can you reason through lesion studies to determine the impact of a neurological injury on someone's tactile and proprioceptive senses? In other words, if there is damage to the right side of the brain, where may there be a loss of tactile sensation? What about damage to the left side of the spinal cord? What about damage to the right side of the midbrain?
What is right side of the brain (post central gyrus/somatosensory cortex tactile and proprioceptive loss: left side of the body (contralateral loss). Left side of the spinal cord below T6: tactile and proprioceptive loss: left side of the body at or below the level of lesion (Ipsilateral loss, before decussation in medulla). Right side of midbrain: tactile and proprioceptive loss: left side of the body (contralateral loss)?
How does tactile and proprioceptive input get sent to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC)?
What is tactile and proprioceptive input get sent to the posterior parietal cortex input from S1?
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervates where on the skin?
What is innervates skin of ulnar forearm, skin above the olecranon?
What is the definition of somatosensation?
What is the sense of touch, proprioception, vibration, pain, and temperature?
What is the definition of unconscious proprioception?
What is detect changes in muscle length and muscle tension, regulate muscle tone, protect against excessive force generation in muscle. Relays impulses to the cerebellum?
Do you know the specific fasciculus or nucleus that somatosensory input from the upper extremities versus the lower extremities runs in?
What is
Sensory information from UE runs in the fasciculus cuneatus and synapses in the nucleus cuneatus in medulla.
Sensory information from LE runs in the fasciculus gracilis.
What is the relationship between the PPC and the motor planning regions? What are the names of these motor planning regions (review Week 1)? How can poor tactile discrimination and proprioceptive processing impact praxis (motor planning)?
What is the relationship of PPC and motor planning regions: frontal lobe, premotor cortex, deficits in poor tactile discrimination and proprioceptive processing impacts (praxis) motor planning, involve several steps including the ability to interpret sensory information, plan appropriate actions, and execute these movements?