SMELL
In the canine nasal cavity, this specific anatomical structure—a "sinus or pouch"—captures odors in a mucous layer and prevents them from leaving, concentrating them for the receptors
what is the subethmoidal shelf?
this semicircular canal controls left and right movements of the head
lateral/ horizontal
While humans have only 2.5 turns in this snail-shaped structure, dogs possess 3.5 turns.
What is the Cochlea?
This specific cranial nerve is responsible for taste on the rostral two-thirds of the tongue
what is the facial nerve? (CN VII)
A dog that is able to complete skilled tasks and activities such as dog shows with elaborate tricks and skills, has a very well-developed component of the cerebellum. what is this component called
lateral/ dentate nucleus
what is the glomeruli
This fluid, which surrounds the membranous labyrinth, originates from Plasma or CSF and contains high Na+ and low K+
what is perilymph?
this part of the ear amplifies the sound that comes through the external acoustic meatus
what is tympanic membrane
This specific area of the cerebral cortex is the final destination for conscious taste perception.
What is the Insular Cortex (or Ins)?
which of the systems/ components discussed is not a 3 neuronal system? (i.e. GVA, SVE, etc)
SVA and GVE
To ensure a rapid response to environmental scents, the olfactory signal moves from the bulb via the olfactory tract to terminate in these three specific brain regions
What are the Limbic System (Amygdala), Hippocampus, and Piriform Cortex?
while 3 of the 5 hair cells/ receptors are located in the ampullas, the other 2 are located in the ______ and ________ of the ear
macula utriculi and macula sacculi
This specialized "Spiral Organ" serves as the sensory neuroepithelium for hearing.
What is the Organ of Corti?
type I and III taste receptors utilize this form of signal transduction for taste perception while type II uses G-protein coupled receptors
ionotropic- changing of ion channels
The Prosencephalon (forebrain) eventually divides into two secondary vesicles. Identify the vesicle that develops into the Thalamic nuclei and Optic vesicles, noting that the Optic nerve is an extension of this vesicle.
what is diencephalon?
To initiate a scent signal, a dissolved odorant must bind to this specific intracellular pathway, which facilitates the conversion of a chemical stimulus into an electrical action potential
What is the G-protein coupled pathway?
When a dog moves its head but its eyes move in the opposite direction to maintain focus, it is successfully utilizing a reflex created by axons synapsing with these two specific cranial nerves
What are CN III (Oculomotor) and CN VI (Abducens)?
A dog suffers from a middle ear infection that prevents the ossicles (Malleus, Incus, and Stapes) from vibrating. This interrupts the auditory pathway because sound waves cannot be transmitted to this inner ear gateway.
What is the Oval Window?
A researcher is looking for the cell bodies of the taste fibers for CN IX. They would find them located in this specific ganglion
what is petrosal ganglion?
crib-biting in horses is in relation to which branch of this cranial nerve
XI (accessory); ventral branch
The first-order neurons (ORCs) must pass directly through this perforated portion of the ethmoid bone to reach the brain
What is the cribriform plate?
A dog with a severe vestibular infection begins vomiting. According to the sources, this occurs because the vestibular pathway has an ascending projection to this specific functional area
What is the Reticular Formation
The Scala Tympani is a unique duct within the auditory pathway because it contains perilymph and is physically continuous with this specific cranial space.
What is the Subarachnoid Space?
A dog licks a lemon but displays no aversive behavior, indicating a complete failure of the signal transduction within which type receptor cell and where are they located on the tongue?
Type III; on the sides of the tongue
In the three-neuron pathway for taste, signals from the rostral two-thirds of the tongue are carried by the Corda Tympani. Identify the cranial nerve and its associated ganglion that houses these first-order SVA cell bodies
What are the Facial Nerve (CN VII) and the Geniculate Ganglion?