CNS & PNS
These are the innervation pathways
Bilateral, unilateral, contralateral, ipsilateral
This nerve is innervated bilateral. This cranial nerve is responsible for sensory to the face, mouth, and lower jaw, and touch for the anterior 2/3 of tongue. This CN also is responsible for motor to the muscles of mastication, soft palate (tensor veli palatini) and tensor timpany. Opens and closes the jaw.
What is CN V: Trigeminal?
There are many different types that all perform specific neural functions or are located in specific brain regions.
What are neurons?
This pathway regulates reflexes, muscle tone, and posture.
Indirect activation pathway
This is a group of speech production disorders that result in speech difficulty due to weakness, discoordination, poor tone, and poor prosodic control.
THIS IS A DISORDER OF SPEECH EXECUTION
What is dysarthria?
This is found in the tracks/fascicles of the CNS.
What is White Matter?
Cranial Nerve VII: The upper facial movements are _______ innervated and the lower facial movements are _______ innervated
What is bilaterally and contralaterally?
A synapse is an area of connection between one ___ and the next ____.
What is axon and neuron or muscle fiber?
This circuit's function in speech is anticipating intended speech movements and providing feedback from periphery.
What is the cerebellar control circuit?
This is an impairment of speech due to a lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere.
This is characterized by impairments of planning, programming, and sequencing of movements for speech.
What is Apraxia of Speech?
This is responsible for regulating and inhibiting unwanted motor activity.
What is the basal ganglia?
A lesion in this Cranial Nerve's lower sensory neuron will cause unilateral deafness while a lesion in the upper sensory neuron will have no symptoms due to bilateral activation.
What is CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear?
This is when a neuron receives impulses from numerous neurons, either excitatory or inhibitory
What is an action potential?
The origin of this pathway is the Pyramidal cells in the primary motor cortex, and cells in the premotor cortex and primary sensory cortex.
What is the direct activation pathway?
This is more important in speech, while ____ is more important in swallowing
What is speed and strength?
This area is located in cerebrum and is responsible for motor speech planning.
What is Broca's area?
This cranial nerve is primarily a motor nerve. All intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus). This cranial nerve is contralaterally innervated.
What is CN XII - Hypoglossal
There are ___ types of synapses. They are....
What are 4 and axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic, and neuromuscular junction?
This circuit exerts its influence in integration and coordination of movement via complex interaction among cortical/subcortical structures
What is the basal ganglia control circuit?
This is a good way to test if the patient has enough breath support for speech.
What is the 5 for 5 rule?
This is considered the sensory relay and integration center and its functions include memory, language, sensory, motor, attention and arousal, vision, and audition.
What is the thalamus?
This Cranial Nerve is bilaterally innervated. The pharyngeal branch of this cranial nerve is responsible for the motor of the muscles of the pharynx, the levator veli palatini. The superior laryngeal branch is responsible for the motor of the cricothyroid (pitch change). The recurrent laryngeal branch innervates all other muscles of the larynx. This cranial nerve is also responsible for sensory in the larynx, trachea, esophagus and thorax, and abdominal viscera
What is CN X - Vagus
These neurons allow certain reflexes to occur based on feedback from afferent fibers to the neuron.
What are spinal cord motor neurons?
What is the direct activation pathway?
Asking a patient to puff out their cheeks and produce "uh-uh" helps assess the function of these two cranial nerves.
What is CN V & X?