Brain Stem Disorders
Inability to activate ascending reticular activating system.
What is disorders of consciousness?
This specific circuit within the basal ganglia influences automatic, skill behavior, unconscious control with bimanual activities.
What is the Putamen circuit?
This part of the cerebellum is involved in truncal coordination and balance, and is often damaged in alcohol-related cerebellar degeneration.
What is the vermis?
These four nuclei—superior, inferior, medial, and lateral—collectively form this brainstem system involved in balance and eye movements.
What are the vestibular nuclei?
A type of neural injury where area of contact between brain and physical structure is caused by a laceration.
What is Focal neural injury (TBI)?
Ipsilateral and contralateral depending on decussation.
What is the Ascending and Descending tract damage?
This hallmark symptom of Parkinson’s disease is a resistance to passive movement.
What is rigidity?
This part of the cerebellum receives feed-back sensory and proprioceptive info from the spinal cord
What is the Spinocerebellum?
This tract originates from the lateral vestibular nucleus and facilitates extensor tone to help maintain balance.
What is the lateral vestibulospinal tract?
A disorder of the cerebellum by displaying a stumbling gait pattern.
What is Ataxia?
Damage to the brainstem often produces these four hallmark signs, known as the "4 D’s": dysphagia, dysarthria, diplopia, and this final symptom involving decreased awareness of body position or movement.
What is dysmetria?
Cells within the basal ganglia that consist of melanin containing pigments synthesize dopamine and send it to the striatum.
What is substantia nigra pars COMPACTA?
Damage to this cerebellar structure leads to truncal ataxia
What is the vermis?
The medial vestibulospinal tract primarily influences these muscles to stabilize head and neck position.
What are neck and upper trunk muscles?
A scale used to assess cognitive recovery in traumatic Brain Injury.
What is Rancho Los Amigos Scale?
This devastating syndrome results from a lesion in the ventral pons, causing quadriplegia and anarthria, but sparing vertical eye movements and blinking for communication.
What is Locked-in syndrome?
Neurotransmitter that plays a role in neuromodulation in the basal ganglia by promoting movement and motor learning.
What is Dopamine?
This hemisphere of the cerebellum is responsible for motor planning of the extremities.
What is the lateral hemisphere?
This brainstem system is responsible for regulating wakefulness, sleep, and consciousness.
What is the reticular activating system?
A TBI that occurs through directly under the point of impact.
What is Coup?
Damage to this tract often leads to loss of upper motor neurons and cranial nerves and inability to activate reticulospinal pathways
What is the corticobulbar tract?
This disease has a loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc leading to decreased input of dopamine to the striatum.
What is Parkinson's Disease?
This typer of cerebellum disorder will result in the inability to accurately move an intended distance by overshooting and undershooting.
What is Dysmetria?
This neurotransmitter is produced in the raphe nuclei and is important for pain inhibition, mood regulation, and sleep.
What is serotonin?
A motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that is non velocity dependent and has the same resistance felt throughout the ROM.
What is Rigidity?