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Treatment
Reading
Therapy
Therapy: Discourse, conversation and writing
Group Therapy and therapy techniques
100
The original goal of process-oriented treatment for aphasia was: a. to allow the patient to communicate basic needs b. to restore normal language processing c. to improve the linguistic and grammatic quality of communication d. to improve the patient’s ability to communicate in social situations
What is C: to improve the linguistic and grammatic quality of communication? Rationale for correct answer: Early process-oriented treatment for aphasia involved didactic methods in which aphasic patients participated in drills designed to reactivate language processes. The general objective was to improve the linguistic and grammatic quality of their communication.
100
Which of the following is a sign of global aphasia? a. weak, indistinct voice quality b. verbal stereotypies c. reliable gestural yes/no responses but inability to produce “yes” or “no” verbally
What is B: verbal stereotypies Rationale for correct answer: Verbal stereotypies (me-me-me-me, ohboy-ohboy-ohboy) are common behaviors of patients who have global aphasia.
100
Which of the following sentence completion tasks would be the strongest facilitator of volitional speech? a. For breakfast I had bacon and _____________. b. Put the book on the ________________. c. Today I went to ____________________. d. Most children like to ____________________.
What is A. For breakfast I had bacon and ___________, Rationale for correct answer: Highly constrained sentences or phrases containing word combinations that are common in everyday life are the strongest facilitators of volitional speech
100
Sentence construction drills: a. are easier than story elaboration b. are more difficult than story elaboration c. are only appropriate for high-functioning patients d. are appropriate for patients at different levels
What D. are appropriate for patients at different levels Rationale for correct answer: Sentence-construction drills permit considerable flexibility in manipulating task difficulty, depending on the part of speech and the frequency in English of the stimulus word, making them appropriate for patients at different levels, provided that vocabulary, length, syntactic complexity, and abstractness are appropriately controlled
100
Which of the following is generally not a goal of group therapy for aphasia? a. language stimulation b. vocabulary expansion c. emotional support d. socialization
What is B. vocabulary expansion Rationale for correct answer: Expansion of vocabulary usually is better suited to individual therapy.
200
In the past, some neurologists and others in the medical profession criticized process-oriented treatment. They claimed that: a. process-oriented treatment is not cost-effective b. process-oriented treatment does not produce outcomes that cannot be accounted for by spontaneous neurologic recovery c. progress is very slow d. the results of process-oriented treatment cannot be reliably measured
What is B: process-oriented treatment does not produce outcomes that cannot be account for by spontaneous neurologic recovery Rationale for correct answer: Many neurologists and others in the medical profession questioned the effectiveness of process-oriented treatment because most studies involved patients who were recovering neurologically, making it difficult to separate the effects of the treatment from the effects of neurologic recovery.
200
A patient who misreads words by substituting a semantically related word (e.g., reading “airplane” as “fly”) is said to have: a. surface dyslexia b. deep dyslexia c. visual agnosia d. visual anomia
What is B deep dyslexia Rationale for correct answer: Individuals with deep dyslexia have lost the phonologic route to printed-word meanings and depend on the whole-word route to deduce the meaning of printed words. Their errors usually consist of substitutions of words that are semantically related to the printed words.
200
According to Podraza and Darley (1977), which type of prestimulation impedes rather than facilitates performance on a picture-naming task? a. prestimulation with the first sound of the name plus a neutral vowel b. prestimulation with an open-ended sentence c. prestimulation with the target word plus two unrelated foils d. prestimulation with three semantically related words
What is D. prestimulation with three semantically related words Rationale for correct answer: Adult aphasics’ errors in confrontation-naming tasks often are semantically related to the target words; therefore, it is not surprising that the presentation of semantically related words would lead to worsened performance.
200
Telling how to make coffee is an example of: a. top-down processing b. prompted story telling c. procedural discourse d. narrative discourse
What is C. procedural discourse Rationale for correct answer: Procedural discourse is connected speech made in response to a request to describe how to do something. Procedural discourse usually is not syntactically complex.
300
Recent research suggests that aphasia treatment is efficacious if: a. treatment is delivered or directed by qualified professionals b. patients with irreversible aphasia are excluded c. the content, intensity, duration, and timing of treatment are appropriate for those receiving treatment d. all of the above
What is D: all of the above Rationale for correct answer: Aphasia treatment is most likely to be efficacious if all three conditions are satisfied. Aphasia treatment may be efficacious in some instances if some, but not all, these conditions are satisfied.
300
The ability to read signs, labels, bills, and menus is called: a. heuristic reading b. sight reading c. whole-word reading d. survival reading
What is D: Survival reading Rationale for correct answer: Survival reading skills are the skills needed to read materials commonly encountered in daily life. Survival reading materials are individualized for each patient.
300
Which of the following cues is the most likely to elicit a correct response? a. word spelled aloud b. imitation c. first sound or first syllable d. sentence completion
What is B. imitation Rationale for correct answer: Imitation is the most powerful cue for eliciting a target response.
300
Producing written language is more difficult than producing spoken language because: a. writing requires visual-motor coordination and limb strength b. writing requires better syntax than spoken language because speakers can compensate for poor syntax by providing prosodic clues to meanings c. written style is more formal and more grammatically complex than spoken style d. all of the above
What is D. all of the above Rationale for correct answer: All of these statements are true, but all need not be true for any specific patient. Aphasic adults almost always have greater difficulty producing written language than producing spoken language, even when limb strength and coordination and syntactic skills are relatively good.
300
Mental representations of familiar daily-life situations are called ____________:
What is scripts? Rationale for correct answer: Scripts are mental representations of familiar situations. Normal listeners use scripts to organize information about discourse and to form expectations about what is likely to be conveyed.
400
Reactivating or restimulating language processes represents the ____________________ approach to treatment.
What is underlying processes. Rationale for correct answer: The underlying processes approach to treatment directs treatment toward underlying cognitive processes that are assumed to be responsible for impaired communicative performance. Stimulating a general process is thought to affect multiple communicative abilities that depend on the process.
400
For most aphasic patients comprehension of printed sentences is: a. better than comprehension of equivalent spoken materials b. worse than comprehension of equivalent spoken materials c. the same as comprehension of equivalent spoken materials d. There is no consistent relationship between the two.
What is B: worse than comprehension of equivalent spoken materials Rationale for correct answer: Comprehension of printed materials usually is worse than comprehension of spoken materials because most aphasic patients have difficulty converting printed words into their phonemic representations—a process that is important in reading but not in listening. Extralinguistic cues such as intonation, facial expression, and gesture that support comprehension of spoken language are not present in printed materials.
400
When a patient substitutes a word that is related in meaning to the target word, it is called: a. delay b. semantic association c. phonetic association d. description
What is B. semantic association Rationale for correct answer: In semantic association, the patient produces one or more words that are semantically related to the target word (e.g., antonyms, class membership, part-whole relationship, or serial relationship).
400
Therapy in which the goal is to teach a small set of responses related to an everyday situation such as ordering food in a restaurant is called: a. process-based training b. situation-specific training c. conversational coaching d. supported conversation
What is B. situation-specific training Rationale for correct answer: Situation-specific training teaches behavioral repertoires that are specific to a given everyday situation. The trained behaviors may or may not generalize to other similar situations, depending on the similarity of the other situations to the trained situation.
400
Drills in which patients make judgments about whether a spoken sentence matches a picture are called _________________________ drills.
What is sentence verification Rationale for correct answer: Sentence verification drills require the patient to make judgments about the relationship of a sentence to one or more pictures. The difficulty of the drill may be adjusted by changing the relationship between the sentences and the pictures.
500
Intervention with aphasic persons is likely to be most efficacious if it begins: a. at about12 weeks post onset b. when the patient is neurologically stable c. during the first few weeks after onset. d. There is no best time, as research results yield conflicting results.
What is C. during the first few weeks after onset
500
Increasing the length of a reading passage: a. increases its difficulty b. diminishes its difficulty c. may increase or decrease its difficulty d. has no effect on difficulty
What is C. diminishes its difficulty Rationale for correct answer: Longer passages are more difficult to comprehend if adding length adds more information. However, if length is added by restating or paraphrasing information, redundancy will increase and the longer passage will be easier to comprehend.
500
Treatment that leads to meaningful changes in communication in daily life is said to be _____________________________.
What is effective Rationale for correct answer: Effective treatment results in improved communication in daily life situations. Efficacious treatment results in improved performance on tests used to measure outcome.
500
Drills in which patients are required to name pictures or objects are called _____________ naming drills.
What is confrontation Rationale for correct answer: Confrontation naming drills require patients to name pictures or objects designated by the clinician. They may be used to move patients away from rote production of words and phrases toward more purposeful retrieval, encoding, and production of words and phrases.