Memory
The dual-track processing model posits an automatic route that involves __________ memory and an effortful route that involves __________ memory.
implicit; explicit
After a night of sleeping just a few hours, this REM sleep phenomenon will occur the very next night.
REM rebound
When regular drug users experimence withdrawal symptoms, such as headache and nausea, because they have not taken the drug recently, psychologists refer to this as
physiological dependence
A reseach design that involves comparing participants from two different age groups is called this.
cross-sectional design
This brain area and neurotransmitter are responsible for the maintenance of drug addiction.
nucleus accumbens & dopamine
The tendency to remember items in a list that come at the beginning and end of that list is called this.
serial position effect
Which stage of sleep is encountered in the fifth position in a sequence of sleep-stage changes throughout the night?
REM
Ketamine is considered a(n) _______________ because it blocks glutamate from entering glutamate receptors, causing a decrease in neurotransmission.
antagonist
This term is used to describe the phase of prenatal development during the first two weeks after conception.
zygote
During adolescence, this area of the brain is undergoing rapid development compared to most other brain areas.
prefrontal cortex
To remember the five Great Lakes more efficiently, you first remember the acronym HOMES and then use each letter to cue recall for a different lake. What is this strategy called?
This sleep abnormality involves an airway obstruction that results in frequent, periodic wake-ups throughout the night.
sleep apnea
Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol are all included in this rudimentary drug classification.
depressants
Some prescription medications, heavy metals, addictive drugs, and viruses are referred to as this, because of their ability to disrupt the course of prenatal development.
teratogens
This neurotransmitter is responsible for long-term potentiation in the brain.
glutamate
What type of memory deficit did Henry Molaison experience as a result of the removal of his hippocampi?
anterograde amnesia
Hypnogogic jerks and hallucinations are characteristics of this stage of sleep
NREM 1
When applying classical (not operant) conditioning to drug tolerance, the drug itself is considered this component of the learning process.
the unconditioned stimulus
Piaget stated that as children transition from the preoperational stage to the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, they achieve these two milestones.
overcome egocentrism & acquire understanding of conservation
This area of the brain and this hormone are involved in regulating the circadian rhythm.
SCN & melatonin
This condition is caused by a severe deficiency in thiamine in the brain due to chronic alcoholism, resulting in shrinkage to parts of the brain that, in turn, causes severe memory impairment.
Korsakoff's syndrome
The change to Daylight Saving Time involves the loss of a clock hour, resulting in this phenonmenon, despite "being grounded."
jet lag
These exogenous substances promote an increase in neurotransmission, regardless of whether they directly stimulate receptors or block the clearing out (reuptake or enzymatic degradation) of the neurotransmitter.
agonists
Ainsworth theorized that when infants basic needs are met inconsistently by their parents, they are prone to develop this style of attachment.
anxious-ambivalent
These two brain areas are considered to be involved in the formation of memories through the automatic processing route (in the dual-processing model).
basal ganglia & cerebellum