Neurological review
A condition caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure hypertension in adults and is the worst headache ever that leads to spontaneous bleeding under the arachnoid layer of the brain.
What is subarachnoid hematoma.
Prevention is treat hypertension.
HOB 30 degrees, have oxygen available.
A stage when problems with memory, thinking, and concentration may begin to appear in a doctor's interview or medical test. These individuals typically need minimal assistance with simple daily routines.
What is the early-stage of dementia.
Temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain.
What is a transient ischemia attack (TIA). This is considered a warning sign and is associated with an increased risk of stroke.
This covering of the nerve fibers is destroyed in MS.
What is myelin.
Glucocorticoids help limit the amount of myelin destruction during an MS exacerbation.
Seizures that occur in a specific area of the brain.
What is a focal/partial seizure.
The condition in quadriplegia and paraplegia clients that leads to sudden facial flushing, throbbing headache, and severe hypertension from noxious stimuli such as urinary retention, constipation, or skin pressure.
What is autonomic dysreflexia.
When dopamine is low, the amount of this neurotransmitter is unbalanced.
What is acetylcholine. Acetylcholine stimulates muscle contraction and movement.
Term for difficulty forming words due to muscle impairment in the mouth and throat.
What is dysarthria.
Term for disturbances in gait and balance that occurs in Multiple Sclerosis.
What is ataxia.
Paralysis on one side of the body following a stroke.
What is hemiplegia.
A progressive neurological disease that is the primary cause of dementia and leads to progressive loss of brain function. This disease starts with forgetfulness, proceeds to wandering behaviors, and eventually loss of all bodily function and death. Neurological brain tangles and loss of acetylcholine in the brain are involved in this disease.
What is Alzheimer's.
Medications used to terminate seizures that last more than a few minutes.
What are Lorazepam and Diazepam.
A condition usually in elderly and alcoholics that results in a ruptured vein under the dura layer of the brain from a head injury that bleeds slowly.
What is a subdural hematoma.
HOB 30 degrees, prepare for drainage of the blood, provide oxygen.
Name the condition from a brain injury, stroke, or meningitis that leads to change in LOC, N/V, headache, increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, decreased respiratory, decorticate, decerebrate posturing, and death.
What is increased intracranial pressure.
The greatest risk for stroke patients with a dysfunction of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (Vagus).
What is aspiration pneumonia.
A condition that is caused by uncontrolled hypertension, cholesterol plaque deposits, and/or hyperglycemic plaque deposits leading to blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels resulting in hemiparesis, hemiplegia, dysphagia, dysphasia, aphasia, increases intracranial pressure, coma, and possibly death.
What is a CVA (Stroke).
Fall Risk, aspiration risk,thicken feedings.
Prevention includes low fat diet, decrease sodium, and maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Exercise, weight loss, no smoking, and a healthy diet prevent this condition.
The autoimmune condition that leads to muscle weakness of primarily the skeletal muscles from demyelination of the myelin sheet leading to relapsing and remitting occurrence of diplopia (double vision) and trouble walking and other ADLs. Diagnosis of this condition by MRI of the lesions. Steroids and immune modulators can lead to remission of this disease.
What is multiple sclerosis.
Maintain neutral room temperature, decrease stress, take steroids and immune suppressants. Monitor for urinary retention, At risk for falls. Ensure no metal on patient when going for diagnostic testing.
The primary nursing concerns as a patient progresses through the acute or initial period of Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
What is airway management.
The crisis caused by too many anticholinesterase drugs.
What is cholinergic crisis.
Ensure Atropine is available as it is the antidote.
A diagnostic test done that inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membrane; therefore increasing availability of acetylcholine for excitation of postsynaptic receptors and increasing muscle movement.
What is a Tensilon test.
What is increased intracranial pressure.
A condition that occurs after a virus or vaccine that leads to ascending paralysis and can be treated with steroids and plamarpharesis.
What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Monitor for paralysis of diaphragm leading to respiratory arrest.
Supportive care
A condition that consists of a person losing consciousness after an aura (a sensory perception) phase, and results in a tonic (muscles contracting) phase, a clonic (muscles contracting and relaxing) phase, and a postictal (lethargic) phase. This condition is the result of an electrical storm in the brain and can be diagnosed by an EEG. This condition can also include the jerking of one arm or one leg or momentarily "blanking out".
What is seizure.
Turn the patient's head to the side, have padded side rails, NPO, protect the head, have suction, and oxygen, and resuscitate device present.
The autoimmune condition of severe muscle weakness from the lack of acetylcholine in the body that leads to dropping objects, clumsiness, ptosis (eyelid drooping), and respiratory depression and respiratory failure. Diagnosis is confirmed by a Tensilon test-edrophonium, sudden increase in muscle strength.
What is Myasthenia Gravis.
Risk for falls, risk for aspiration, check gag reflex frequently, Always give ACH medication on time.
A condition in which usually middle-age Caucasian men develop progressive tremors, shuffling gait, cog-wheel rigidity, bradykinesia, mask-like facial expression, and prone to falls, aspirations, and problems with mobility due to the lack of dopamine in the basal ganglia of the brain.
What is Parkinsons Disease.
Aspiration risk, fall risk, monitor for dysphagia.