Definitions
What does hepatic mean?
Having to do with the...
a. blood
b. liver
c. kidneys
d. brain
B. LIVER
Ataxia results from dysfunction of the:
a. frontal lobes
b. cranial nerves
c. cerebellum
d. myelin sheath
C. CEREBELLUM
A blockage (blood clot or plaque) that cuts off or blocks blood from reaching a part of the brain is a(n):
a. ischemic stroke
b. hemorrhagic stroke
c. traumatic brain injury
d. spinal cord injury
A. ISCHEMIC STROKE
A disturbance in the facial nerve, such as Bell's Palsy, can cause:
a. slurred speech and drooling
b. word-finding difficulty
c. pragmatic deficits
d. apraxia
A. SLURRED SPEECH AND DROOLING
In this virus-related disorder, middle ear infections are common due to immunocompromise, along with damage to the cochlea and the vestibulocochlear nerve. This could cause conductive and/or sensorineural hearing loss. Neural pathways in the brain can also become compromised, causing central auditory disorders.
a. ataxia
b. spina bifida
c. HIV dementia
d. traumatic brain injury
C. HIV DEMENTIA
This autoimmune disorder causes the body to attack the myelin throughout the nervous system, leading to a disruption in communication between the brain and body. It is especially common in women in their 30s and 40s, and is usually NOT progressive.
a. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
b. Diffuse Axonal Injury
c. Chiari Malformation
d. Multiple Sclerosis
D. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
A 65-y-o man presents with new, gradual onset symptoms: slurred speech, memory problems, and mood disturbance. No stroke, no brain injury. The man had a period in life decades ago marked by risky sexual behaviors, but is (and has always been) HIV negative. What is your suspicion?
a. neurochlamydia
b. HIV dementia
c. diffuse axonal injury
d. neurosyphilis
D. NEUROSYPHILIS
Guillian-Barre Syndrome is:
a. an anatomical anomaly, present at birth, which may later lead to neurological problems
b. a progressive form of dementia
c. a form of cancer
d. a rare, post-infectious disorder that can lead to total body paralysis, but which eventually subsides given time and treatment
D. A RARE, POST-INFECTIOUS DISORDER
Arteriovenous Malformation is a disorder affecting the:
a. glial cells
b. blood vessels
c. gray matter
d. brainstem
B. BLOOD VESSELS
All of the following disorders are progressive and occur later in life, EXCEPT:
a. Alzheimer's
b. Chiari malformation
c. Parkinson's
d. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
B. CHIARI MALFORMATION
This progressive illness, which disrupts dopamine-producing neurons in the basal ganglia, causes indequate breath support and closure of vocal folds, and an inability to perform precise movements of mouth, tongue, and throat muscles. it also causes memory and thinking issues which can affect speech.
a. spinal cord injury
b. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
c. Parkinson's Disease
d. Covid-19
C. PARKINSON'S DISEASE
This infection of the protective layers of the brain, whether caused by a virus or bacteria, can often result in sensorineural hearing loss:
a. meningitis
b. diabetes
c. chronic traumatic encephalopathy
d. hydrocephalus
A. MENINGITIS
This disorder of electrical impulses is marked by seizures, and would be diagnosed using EEG:
a. epilepsy
b. alzheimer's
c. Moyamoya
d. glioblastoma
A. EPILEPSY
Your client is a 3-year-old girl with communication and movement problems since birth. She was born 12 weeks premature. What might be her diagnosis?
a. cerebral palsy
b. Bell's palsy
c. Huntington's disease
d. intracranial hemorrhage
A. CEREBRAL PALSY
The name of this disorder means, in Japanese, "puff of smoke." This name is descriptive of the appearance of the blood vessels in these patients.
a. Guilliain Barre
b. Moyamoya
c. Bell's palsy
d. Chiari malformation
B. MOYAMOYA
Huntington's Disorder affects:
a. the DNA, which eventually effects neurons
b. the skull
c. the meninges
d. glial cells
A. THE DNA, WHICH EVENTUALLY EFFECTS NEURONS
Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, this is a nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. It is progressive and fatal, eventually limiting the person's ability to eat, speak, and breathe.
a. migraine
b. myasthenia gravis
c. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
d. sensorineural hearing loss
C. ALS
Patients with this diagnosis alone will not have aphasia, but may require a speech generating device to speak out loud, if the injury occurred superiorly enough to affect the muscles of breathing:
a. diffuse axonal injury
b. penetrating brain injury
c. nonpenetrating brain injury
d. spinal cord injury
D. SPINAL CORD INJURY
Hearing loss is a possible result of this viral neurological disorder:
a. muscular dystrophy
b. multiple sclerosis
c. Herpes encephalopathy
d. Parkinsons disease
C. HERPES ENCEPHALOPATHY
This is the SECOND most common form of stroke:
a. ischemia
b. intracranial hemorrhage
c. glioblastoma
d. blood clot
B. INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
A former football player has begun to experience motor deficits, headaches, and cognitive and personality problems later in life. Stroke has been ruled out, as have all infectious causes of his symptoms. What is his likely diagnosis?
a. Chiari malformation
b. Intracranial hemorrhage
c. HIV dementia
d. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
D. CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
This word, which also means "water on the brain," describes a condition wherein cerebrospinal fluid is improperly circulated and accumulates to an abnormal extent in the ventricles of the brain:
a. myelomeningocele
b. encephalopathy
c. hydrocephalus
d. meningitis
C. HYDROCEPHALUS
This type of injury affects white matter tracts, primarily in the brainstem and corpus callosum.
a. penetrating brain injury
b. diffuse axonal injury
c. spinal cord injury
d. chronic traumatic encephalopathy
B. DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY
In-utero surgery may be done to address this congenital malformation, which, if left untreated, can cause movement difficulties or hydrocephalus:
a. Moyamoya
b. epilepsy
c. myelomeningocele or spina bifida
d. meningitis
C. MYELOMENINGOCELE OR SPINA BIFIDA
This injury, also known as mild traumatic brain injury or mTBI, can affect memory, speech, balance and muscle coordination. Those with mTBI history perceive difficulties with cognitive communication skills including conversation, writing and short-term memory/attention:
a. concussion
b. spinal cord injury
c. ischemic stroke
d. glioblastoma
A. CONCUSSION
Though it does not often cause hearing loss directly, this blockage of bloodflow in the brain creates a greater risk and severity for sensorineural hearing loss:
a. ischemic stroke
b. spina bifida
c. ataxia
d. Bell's palsy
A. ISCHEMIC STROKE
This is an inherited X-linked disease that causes muscle wasting, primarily in boys. It is often lethal by the time the patient reaches their teenage years.
a. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
b. Huntington's disease
c. Parkinson's disease
d. Moyamoya
A. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
You hear that your friend's neighbor unfortunately passed away due to cancer after only 9 months. She explains to you that the neighbor discovered it after she went to the doctor with complaints of word-finding difficulty and her communication only became more difficult until the end. What do you suspect could be a possible diagnosis?
a. covid-19
b. epilepsy
c. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
d. glioblastoma
D. GLIOBLASTOMA
This subcortical brain structure is rich in dopamine-producing neurons, and degeneration of these neurons can cause a progressive disorder called Parkinson's Disease, marked by shuffling gait, quiet voice, and difficulty speaking clearly:
a. occipital lobe
b. brain stem
c. basal ganglia
d. Broca's area
C. BASAL GANGLIA
Though this disease primarily affects the body's use of sugar, the consequent affect on blood flow can create issues for the peripheral nervous system:
a. migraine
b. covid-19
c. diabetes
d. epilepsy
C. DIABETES
All of the following disorders are quite rare, EXCEPT:
a. neurosyphilis
b. Huntington's disease
c. ischemic stroke
d. hepatic encephalopathy
C. ISCHEMIC STROKE
This disorder, which results from disfunction in the cerebellum, can result in its own form of dysarthria marked by slurred, "drunken" sounding speech:
a. migraine
b. ataxia
c. Alzheimer's disease
d. glioblastoma
B. ATAXIA
The rupture of a/an ______ can, in some instances, cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss:
a. Chiari malformation
b. AVM or aneurysm
c. glioblastoma
d. myelomeningocele
B. AVM OR ANEURYSM
Which disorder is NOT related to a traumatic brain injury?
a. concussion
b. diffuse axonal injury
c. chronic traumatic encephalopathy
d. myelomeningocele
D. MYELOMENINGOCELE
You receive a referral on your speech therapy caseload for "unilateral facial paralysis." Stroke, tumor, and other brain lesions were ruled out. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
b. Alzheimer's disease
c. Bell's palsy
d. muscular dystrophy
C. BELL'S PALSY