A&P
Number of pairs of spinal nerves
What are 31 pairs?
Normal ICP
What is 0 to 15 mm Hg?
Characterized by at least 30 mins of repetitive seizure activity
What is status epilepticus?
Damage to this nerve affects patients peripheral vision
What is cranial nerve II (optic)?
Damage to myelin sheath and thought to be from autoimmune process
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
F
A
S
T
What is FACE (drooping), ARM (weakness), SPEECH (difficulties), and TIME (to call)?
A microscopic space between two neurons.
What is a synapse?
Earliest indicator of increased iCP
What are changes in LOC (confusion, restlessness, etc)?
Petechial rash on skin and mucous membranes, positive Kernig and Brudzinski, and severe headache
What is Meningitis?
Responsible for contractions of chewing muscles
What is cranial nerve V (trigeminal)?
Progressive weakness and numbness that starts in legs and ascends.
What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
tPA works best if administered within what time frame
What is within 4.5 hrs of symptom onset?
What is the epidural space?
Posturing that indicates severe brain damage involving brainstem, in which both arms and legs are extended with arms internally rotated
What is Decerebrate?
Caused by the destruction of the cell of substantia nigra, resulting in decreased dopamine production
What is Parkinson's Disease?
Concerns for aspiration pneumonia should prompt nurse to check patients gag reflex
What is cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)?
Being overmedicated with anticholinesterase drugs can lead to this
What is a cholinergic crisis?
Temporary blockage of blood to brain that causes a transient (brief) neurological impairment
What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?
The myelin sheath covers some neurons and serves what purposes (2).
What is to insulate the nerve and speed up impulse conduction down the axon?
Arterial hypertension, decreased respirations, and bradycardia
What is Cushing's triad?
Priority nursing intervention for patient suspected to have bacterial meningitis
What is place patient in droplet precautions?
Note asymmetry in shoulder height with difficulty turning head to side, indicating damage to this nerve.
What is cranial nerve XI (Spinal asscessory)?
Activities such as eye and eyelid movements, chewing, swallowing, speaking, and breathing are affected with this disorder
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
If tPA is NOT given, antihypertensive agents are given when systolic exceeds what reading or diastolic pressure exceeds what reading?
CVA patient having body temperature control would indicate damage in this area of brain
What is the hypothalamus?
Medication used to reduce cerebral edema
What is an osmotic diuretic (Mannitol)?
Herpes Simplex Virus is the most common cause for this disorder
What is encephalitis?
Responsible for movement of eyeball (3)
What are cranial nerves III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens)?
In GBS, the autonomic nervous system is often affected which can result in unstable BP, cardiac arrythimias, and this bowel and bladder issue?
What are urinary retention and paralytic ileus?
Hyperglycemic patients with a CVA should have blood glucose lowered to between ___ and ___
What is between 140 to 180 mg/dL?
These nerves have the ability to heal
What are peripheral nerves?
Used to evaluate patient who have a potential for rapid deterioration in consciousness
What is Glasgow Coma Scale?
Drainage that is blood-tinged in the center with a yellowish ring around
What is a CSF leak?
Patient presents with unilateral facial droop, inability to close eye, and loss of nasolabial fold indicating damage to this nerve
What is cranial nerve VII (Facial)?
Leading cause of death in patients with ALS
What are respiratory complications? (Atelectasis, pneumonia, resp failure)
Patients with minor strokes receive two medications within __hrs of symptom onset.
What are aspirin and plavix? What is within 24 hrs of onset?
Area in frontal lobe of brain involved if patient has expressive dysphasia
What is Broca's area?
This serious complication can result if intracranial pressure is left untreated.
What is brain herniation
Complication of spinal cord injuries above T6 level that can cause blood pressure to rise as high as 300 mm Hg.
What is autonomic dysreflexia?
Cranial nerves that are sensory only
What are cranial nerves I (olfactory), II (optic) , and VIII (vestibulocochlear)?
BP maintained to less than this if receiving tPa
What is below 185/110 mm Hg?