Cranial Nerves
What cranial nerve provides sensory input to the taste and touch of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Name three parts of a neuron.
BONUS +100: State the function of ONE part of the neuron.
dendrites, soma, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, axon terminals
What are the four lobes?
BONUS +200: select 2 lobes and describe each of their functions
occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal
What is the bolus?
soft, rounded ball of chewed food
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Describe the function of cranial nerve XII.
Hypoglossal; controls all motor movements of the tongue.
If someone has MS (multiple sclerosis), how is the actual structure of the neurons being effected?
Deterioration of the myelin sheath; affects insulation, cross communication and speed of signal.
Name the two types of strokes and list their effect on the brain.
Ischemic: blockage in blood vessel
Hemorrhagic: burst of a blood vessel
Both provide the brain with oxygen, and oxygen deprivation to the brain can cause permanent damage
What structure includes the swallow reflex?
faucial arches
Describe the ventricular folds and what purpose they serve in swallowing.
False Vocal folds
Will come together when food or liquid enters the larynx to protect it from entering the true VFs and possibly into the trachea
Which cranial nerve deals with the motor movement of the jaw?
Trigeminal (V)
What ion allows the neuron to reach action potential?
BONUS +100: What happens after the neuron reaches action potential?
Sodium
Depolarization
Which hemisphere is language dominant, and what are the language dominant areas within that hemisphere?
BONUS +100: Name the pathway that connects the language dominant areas within the hemisphere.
Left Hemisphere
Broca's area and Wernicke's area
BONUS: arcuate fasiculus
Name all phases of swallowing.
1. oral prepatroy phase
2. oral transit phase
3. pharyngeal phase
4. esophageal phase
Name three things you look for in an oral mechanism exam.
symmetry, range of motion, strength of movement, and general health/hygiene
Which cranial nerve deals with the sensory input for the face?
Trigeminal (V)
What nerves exit the brain and what nerves go towards the brain?
BONUS +100 if you use the words "afferent" and "efferent"
exit: motor
enter: sensory
Sammy had a stroke and her husband is worried that a more severe stroke may occur in the future. He asks you for signs that she may be having another stroke. List 4 signs of a stroke that you can provide Sammy's husband.
BE FAST
B (balance), E (eyes), F (face), A (arms), S (speech), and T (time)
Where does swallowing begin?
In the frontal lobe (initiation and desire)
Name the sphincter muscle related to swallowing.
cricopharyngeus
Name the three significant branches from cranial nerve X.
BONUS +300 (+100 for each): Name the function of each branch.
pharyngeal plexus: controls velum and pharynx
superior laryngeal: controls one of the vocal fold tensors
recurrent laryngeal: controls vocal fold abduction and adduction
Explain the division of the nervous system.
CNS (central nervous system): brain (cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem) and spinal cord
PNS (peripheral nervous system): cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What is a TIA and explain the severity of it?
TIA: transient ischemic attack
A mini stroke; symptoms occur rapidly and then resolved because the blood flow breaks up the blockage
NO permanent injury of the brain
Name the voluntary and involuntary phases of swallowing.
1. oral prepatroy phase= voluntary
2. oral transit phase= voluntary
3. pharyngeal phase= involuntary
4. esophageal phase= involuntary
What is the sulci?
space between inner cheek and teeth