Neurology A&P Review

Brain Anatomy

100

What lobe of the brain is responsible for personality, motor aspects of speech and problem solving?

Frontal lobe 

200

What type of white fibers make up the corpus callosum?

Commissural fibers 

300

What is cranial nerve VI?

Abducens nerve

400

What produces CSF?

Produced by subarachnoid space, ependymal cells and choroid plexuses 

500

What are the components of the basal nuclei?

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus 

Spine Anatomy

100

C1 and C2 vertebrae are also called what two names?

C1 - atlas, C2 - axis 

200

What group of spinal nerves make up the brachial plexus?

C5-T1

300

List the order of the three meningeal layers and subarachnoid space from outermost to innermost

Dura mater --> arachnoid mater --> subarachnoid space--> pia mater 

400

At what vertebra level is the terminal end of the spinal cord?

L1-L2

500

What is the function of the lateral corticospinal tract?

Fine control of contralateral limbs

Physiology

100

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

-70 mV

200

What is the principal signal reception and processing site of a neuron?

Dendrite

300

In neurons, which electrolyte is concentrated at a high level WITHIN the cell?

Potassium

400

What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Glutamate

500

What is the function of Microglial cells?

Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis 

Random

100

What part of the brain controls the motor aspect and initiation of speech?

Broca's area

200

What is the most numerous type of glial cell found in the brain?

Astrocyte

300

Name 3 functions of the parasympathetic nervous system

1. stimulates flow of saliva

2. decreases HR

3. constricts bronchi

4. stimulates peristalsis and secretion

5. stimulates release of bile

6. contracts bladder 

400

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

GABA

500

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Myelinate CNS axons and provide structural framework

Potpourri

100

What is cranial nerve VIII?

Vestibulocochlear nerve 

200

What is the definition of an absolute refractory period?

Cell cannot be depolarized whatsoever no matter how large the stimulus

300

What gland regulates the body's clock and produces melatonin?

Pineal Gland

400

What vessel is a direct continuation of the internal carotid artery as it enters the brain?

Middle cerebral artery

500

Name 2 functions of the BBB

1. Protect from infection

2. Protect capillaries and choroid plexus from insult / injury 

3. Stabilizes interstitial fluid 

4. Maintains tonicity of interstitial fluid 

5. Provides brain with nutrients