The Clot Thickens
Risk factors for CVST (4)
Pregnancy & Puerperium
Infection
Dehydration
Mechanical Precipitants
Drugs
Hematological conditions
Malignancy
Inflammatory diseases
CNS disorders
The term for temporary worsening of MS symptoms with heat or stress.
Uhtoff's phenomena
The loading dose of Keppra
60mg/kg (max 4.5g)
Headache disorder treated with high flow oxygen.
Cluster Headache
Non-rebreather at 6 – 15 L/min
Criteria for Parkinsonism
Bradykinesia plus
Rigidity OR Tremor
The three antibodies tested for APLA
Lupus anticoagulant
Anti-cardiolipin
Beta-2-glycoprotein
MS therapy associated with this imaging finding.
Natalizumab
Diagnosis of Epilepsy
An identifiable epilepsy syndrome (typically genetic or idiopathic epilepsies)
At least 2 unprovoked (or reflex) seizures or clusters of seizures occuring at least 24 hours apart
A single (or reflex) seizure that has at least a 60% chance of recurrence in the next 10 years
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia with significant Circadian periodicity
Cluster headache
Antibodies in NMOSD and MOG
Aquaporin-4
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
1 - Caudate
2 - Internal Capsule
3 - Lentiform Nucleus
4 - Insula
5 - M1
6 - M2
7 - M3
8 - M4
9 - M5
10 - M6
Mechanism of action for Ocrelizumab, Rituximab, and Ofatumumab.
CD20 antibody therapies
The difference between EE and DE
In epileptic encephalopathy there is normal cognition and development prior to the onset of seizure activity
First line treatment for SUNCT/SUNA and one other preventative treatment.
Lamotrigine is 1st line
Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
Duloxetine
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Name the Diagnosis
Hirayama disease
Genetic mutation in a stroke patient with migraine with aura, depression, and early dementia
NOTCH3
Then 5 MS topographies included in the McDonald 2024 Criteria
Optic Nerve (new)
Juxtacortical/cortical
Periventricular
Infratentoral
Spinal Cord
Treatment of infantile spasms in a patient with tuberous sclerosis
Vigabatrin
Infectious causes of optic neuritis (4)
Viral - adenovirus, coxsackievirus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella-zoster
Bacterial - syphilis, TB, Lyme, cat-scratch disease (Bartonella hensalae), beta-hemolytic strep, brucellosis, typhoid, meningococcus, Whipple's
Complications of rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia
Facial sensory loss
Masseter weakness
Loss of corneal sensation
HSV reactivation
Carotid Web
MS therapies that are safe to continue in pregnancy (2)
Interferon
Glatiramir Acetate
- increases the opening frequency and duration of the chloride ion channels leading to hyperpolarization of neurons
A visual illusion where an object moving side to side in a lat line appears to move in a 3D or circular or curved path
Pulfrich phenomena
Condition with functional CNS B12 deficiency
Anti-CD320 disease