Define the Movement
Lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements
Ataxia
MCC of hemiballismus in patient with history of poorly controlled diabetes
Nonketotic hyperglycemia
Location of atrophy in Huntington Disease
Caudate
Classic MRI sign in Parkinson disease, reflecting loss of the normal nigrosome-1 appearance in the substantia nigra
Absent "swallow-tail" sign
5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist in PD psychosis
Pimavanserin
Brief, non-rhythmic stereotyped behaviors or utterances associated with a preceding premonitory sensation (involuntary but sometimes suppressible)
Tics
Rare choreiform movement disorder characterized by involuntary, rapid, irregular movements of the limbs, face, and trunk that occurs as a complication of cardiac surgery
Post-pump chorea
2 common DBS targets in parkinson disease
1) Globus pallidus internus
2) Subthalamic nucleus
classic sign on MRI of Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
"Hot cross buns" sign
Class of medications used in Huntongton's Disesase with black box warning of suicidality secondary to depression
VMAT2-inhibitors
Simultaneous contraction or co-activation of agonist and antagonist muscles, resulting in abnormal stiffness, tremulousness, twisting, or repetitive movements
Dystonia
Chorea (arm/leg fleeing with pelvic thrusts), seizures, orofacial dystonia, decreased/absent DTR, abnormal movements lead to gait disturbance; PBS: Acanthocytes
Chorea-acanthocytosis
Lesion in Palatal myoclonus
Guillain-mollart triangle
classic sign seen on MRI of Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
“Hummingbird” sign and “morning glory” sign
NMDA antagonist used in levodopa-induced dyskinesias
Amantadine
sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks or twitches; agonist muscle involvement only
Myoclonus
nocturnal dyspnea, chorea, and ballismus causing frequent disruption of sleep
- A/w AD nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is caused by PANK2 gene mutation on Ch. 20 which leads to iron accumulation here
Globus pallidus
what classic sign is seen on MRI of Wilson's Disease
"Panda" sign
drug class used in PD that can cause impulse control disorders, sleep attacks, orthostatic HoTN, fibrosis of pleuropulmonary tissue and heart valves
Dopamine agonists
Rapid, high frequency tremor that occurs when standing or weight-bearing that resolves when sitting or lying down
orthostatic tremor
Hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuations
- GCH1 gene on Ch. 14 (DYT-GCH1)
Segawa disease (Dopa-responsive dystonia)
Kufor-rakeb syndrome is caused by neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and brain iron accumulation here
deep cortical structures (esp. basal ganglia)
classic sign seen on MRI of Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)
”Eye the tiger" sign
medication to reduce frequency of attacks in episodic ataxia type 2
dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine, K channel blocker)