Benzodiazepines
What are the drugs discussed for neurology?
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Diazepam (Valium)
These medications are first in line for what disease or condition?
- First in line for acute generalized seizures
What are the drug medications for Hydantoins?
- Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Fosphenytoin (Cerebryx)
What is the generic name and brand name for succinimides?
- Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
What is the medication under barbiturates?
- Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Provide the the AE/SE of benzodiazepines
- Muscle weakness
- Hypotension
- Sedation
- Anxiety
- Respiratory depression
Provide the blackbox warning for benzodiazepines
- Can cause addiction and dependence
- Do not mix with other CNS depressents
What does phenytoin (Dilantin) prolong?
- MOA: prolongs sodium channel inactivation, which stabilizes impulses
What is this medication indicated for?
- Absence seizures
What are the indications for the use of phenobarbital?
- Seizure
- Sedation
What medication name that is used for the reversal of an overdose
- Flumazenil
Benzodiazepines are indicated for?
- Seizure disorders
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Sedation
- Muscle relaxant
What is this medication indicated for?
- Seizure disorder
Provide the MOA of this medication.
What are the SE/AE of Phenobarbital?
- Respiratory depression
- Sedation
- LOC
- RR
Benzodiazepines have a side effect of insomnia
What are the SE/AE of phenytoin? and what is the black-box warning?
- Dysrhythmias, and hypotension
- Black box warning: give slow and steady via IV to avoid AE
What is absence seizure?
- An absence of a seizure causes a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space. Like other kinds of seizures, they are caused by brief abnormal electrical activity in a person’s brain.
- Absence seizures usually affect only a person’s awareness of what is going on during the actual seizure, with immediate recovery.
What are patient teachings that you should say?
- Do not take with alcohol or other CNS depressants
- Can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
- Can reduce vitamin K, causing bleeding
What are the effects of withdrawal symptoms for benzodiazepines?
- Headache
- Restlessness
- Insomnia
- Nausea
- light and sound sensitivity
Not needed but what do scheduled 4 drugs entail
- Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and a low risk of dependence.
Provide patient education regarding hydantoins.
- Can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
- Teratogenic
- Toxic to local tissue in the event of extravasation
What are patient teachings for ethosuximide?
- Ethosuximide may help to control your condition but will not cure it
- Continue to take ethosuximide even if you feel well.
- Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of ethosuximide and gradually increase your dose, usually once every 4 to 7 days.
What is the MOA of phenobarbital?
- GABA agonist
- A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects.