Autoimmune
These two criteria must be met in order to diagnose multiple sclerosis
What are dissemination in time and space?
Mechanism of action of clopiogrel
What is P2Y12 inhibition?
EEG findings in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
What are 4-6 Hz spike wave discharges?
longest half-life (25h) and used often as abortive in patients for menstrual-related migraines.
frovatriptan
Gene associated with benign familial neonatal epilepsy
What is KCNQ2?
These would be found on biopsy of a patient with Neurosarcoidosis
What are noncaseating granulomas?
A headache/seizure phenomenon post CEA or carotid stent
What is cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome?
A CJD variant which reveals loss of sleep spindles
What is fatal familial insomnia? (FFI)
Mechanism of lasmiditan
What is 5HT-1F receptor agonism?
1F is "F"ine for people with CAD and stroke hx.
This is the recommended treatment of infantile spasms associated with tuberous sclerosis
What is vigabatrin?
This immunosuppressive for MS carries well documented side effects of first dose bradycardia and macular edema as well as a mechanism of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor downregulation
What is fingolimod/siponimod?
Pathology will show dilated, closely juxtaposed, thin-walled capillaries and a ring of hemosiderin consistent with remote microhemorrhages.
What is cavernous malformation?
Amplitude of waveforms needed to diagnose electrocerebral inactivity for brain death?
< 2 microvolts
A nighttime headache that's treated with caffeine
What is hypnic headaches?
This is the classic triad of Aicardi syndrome
What is agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunes, and infantile spasms?
_____ is a CD19-directed antibody approved for prevention of NMO relapses.
What is inebilizumab?
This blood is aged _____ considering that it's bright on both T1 and T2.
What is a week to a month?
“I Bleed, I Die, Bleed Die, Bleed Bleed, Die Die”
Age at which trace alternant largely replaces trace discontinu?
What is 32 weeks?
An herbal supplement with level A evidence for migraine prevention
What is butterbur?
Lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy with auditory auras is associate with this gene
LGI1
______ and ______ (name both) felt to be the safest options to use during pregnancy.
What are glatiramer acetate and interferon beta?
This condition is characterized by symptoms including sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar dysfunction, dementia, and pyramidal signs, while imaging will show a widening of the cerebellar folia with atrophy and hemosiderin deposition.
What is superficial siderosis?
Sharply contoured theta activity in posterior head regions. A benign variant in older adult wakefulness.
What is SREDA?
(Subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges in adults)
This headache syndrome shares an inheritance gene with episodic ataxia type 2 and hypokalemic periodic paralysis
What is Hemiplegic migraine (CACNA1S)?
These are the only epilepsy syndromes for which cannabidiol is approved (3)
What is Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis?