Types of Neurons
Neurons that carry signals from receptors to the CNS.
What are sensory (afferent) neurons?
The system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and is also called the cell body.
What is the soma?
The largest part of the brain is responsible for thinking and voluntary movement.
What is the cerebrum?
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Neurons that send signals from the CNS to muscles.
What are motor (efferent) neurons?
This system includes all nerves outside the CNS.
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
These structures receive neurotransmitters from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This part controls balance and coordination.
What is the cerebellum?
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Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons.
What are interneurons?
The three main functions of the nervous system.
What are sensory, integrative, and motor functions?
This structure acts like an insulated wire to transmit nerve impulses.
What is the axon?
This part regulates automatic functions like breathing and heart rate.
What is the brainstem?
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These neurons can increase or decrease signal transmission.
What are excitatory and inhibitory interneurons?
The part of the nervous system responsible for voluntary movement.
What is the somatic nervous system?
This fatty covering increases the speed of nerve transmission.
What is the myelin sheath?
This region includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.
What is the diencephalon?
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This is the junction where a neuron meets a muscle fiber.
What is the neuromuscular junction?
This system controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
These gaps in the myelin sheath help regenerate the action potential.
What are nodes of Ranvier?
This structure maintains homeostasis (e.g., temperature, hunger).
What is the hypothalamus?
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