Neurons Structure and Function
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
The resting potential of a neuron is approximately this many millivolts (mV).
What is –70 mV? (acceptable range -70 to -78 mVO
The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal causes these ions to enter, triggering neurotransmitter release.
What are calcium ions (Ca²⁺)?
These channels open first during depolarization.
What are voltage-gated sodium channels?
This neurotransmitter is a key player in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and is the main neurotransmitter for the neuron muscular junction.
What is Acetylcholine?
The long fiber that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
What is the axon?
This membrane protein maintains resting potential by actively moving sodium and potassium ions.
What is the sodium–potassium pump?
This neurotransmitter is broken down by acetylcholinesterase at the synapse, and is important for neuromuscular motor function.
What is acetylcholine?
These channels open during repolarization.
What are voltage-gated potassium channels?
What are Vesicles (in the Axon terminal)
This part of neuron consists of the cell's main body, has mitochondria, other important organelles, and the nucleus.
What is the Soma?
When sodium channels open, sodium rushes in, causing this stage of an action potential.
What is depolarization?
After release, neurotransmitters bind to these on the postsynaptic membrane.
What are receptors?
The direction action potentials move throughout the neuron.
What goes from the dendrites, through the soma, to the axons?
Area where neurotransmitters are released to and diffuse across.
What is the Synapse?
This insulating layer speeds up nerve impulse transmission.
What is the myelin sheath?
After depolarization, potassium channels open, leading to this stage.
What is repolarization?
The main method of how neurotransmitters are transported out of the axon terminal.
What is Exocytosis
The that protein restores ion balance after an action potential.
what is the sodium-potassium pump?
What can happen to the body if certain neurotransmitters are not degraded after being used to stimulate the post-synaptic neuron.
Overstimulation, convulsions, paralysis, etc
This part of the neuron sends chemical signals across a synapse.
What is the synaptic terminal (axon terminal)?
This period prevents a neuron from firing another action potential immediately.
What is the refractory period?
This enzyme rapidly breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
What is acetylcholinesterase
Sodium, potassium, and calcium ions moves into the neuron during depolarization by this process:
Facilitated diffusion/ diffusion/ Movement via concentration gradients.
What is binding to the receptor ligand gated channel?