Communication within a neuron
This is the type of signal sent along an axon
What is Action Potential?
These are glia cells that wrap themselves around a neuron to protect it.
What is a myelin sheath?
This neurotransmitter controls sleep-wake cycles.
What is melanin?
These are chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap.
What are neurotransmitters?
The largest section of the brain responsible for higher order thinking, rational thought
Cerebrum
This is the period immediately after an action potential when a neuron cannot fire again.
What is the refractory period?
These are two parts of a neuron specifically designed for the sending and receiving of electrical impulses.
What are the axon and dendrite?
What neurotransmitter is typically associated with addiciton?
What is dopamine?
This process describes how neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap.
What is synaptic transmission?
The "little brain" responsible for coordinating motor function and balance
Cerebellum
During this phase of an action potential, the neuron’s charge returns to its resting state
What is repolization?
"This long structure transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons
What is the Axon?
The most common excitatory neurotransmitter.
What is Glutamate?
The direction an electrical signal is sent through a neuron.
What is from dendrite to axon?
This structure of the limbic system is associated with processing emotions
amygdala
This is the term for the process that generates an electrical signal in a neuron when it reaches threshold
What is depolarization?
The junction between the axon tip of a sending neuron and dendrite of the cell body of the receiving neuron.
What is the synapse/ synaptic gap/ cleft?
This is called the "love hormone" because of its role in social bonding.
What is oxytocin?
These cells help remove neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.
What are glial cells?
The bundle of white matter that connects the left and right hemisphere of the brain
corpus callosum
This is the ion that flows into the neuron during depolarization to create the action potential
What is a sodium ion?
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and performs most of the cell's functions
What is the cell body/ soma?
This is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter.
What is GABA?
This transport protein is responsible for creating the electrochemical gradient.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
Structure of the brain stem the directly connects to the spinal cord and is responsible for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing
medulla oblongata