Brain structures
The area of the brain associated with disgust
What is the insula?
The method of conditioning characterized by association of non-threatening stimuli with fear-inducing stimuli
What is fear conditioning?
A class of mental disorders associated with amygdala activity occurring too strongly or too easily
What is an anxiety disorder?
Behavioral conditioning is made possible by this cellular mechanism of neurons
What is long-term potentiation?
This neurotransmitter is also known as the "happy hormone"
What is serotonin?
This section of Alex Honnold's (the "Free Solo" climber) brain remained inert despite exposure to distressing stimuli
What is the amygdala?
A common test used to measure anxiety in laboratory animals based on aversion to open spaces
What is an elevated plus maze?
This anxiety disorder is characterized by trouble extinguishing fear conditioning higher amygdala activity and lower PFC activity
What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
This emotion is represented by reward and social behaviors and is not considered part of "the Big 5"
What is joy?
This neurotransmitter is produced by the hypothalamus and is nicknamed "the love hormone"
What is oxytocin?
The area of the brain associated with sadness
What is the anterior cingulate cortex?
The mood disorder that can be induced by removing an animal from its maternal parent at a young age
What is depression?
This antidepressant drug class inhibits enzymes that break down NE, E, 5-HT, and DA in presynaptic terminals
What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?
This drug was approved in 2019 by the FDA for the treatment of depression
What is esketamine?
This neurotransmitter is associated with addiction
What is dopamine?
This part of the brain is associated with the physiological changes that accompany a fear response
What is the hypothalamus?
This quality is measured in a forced swim test
What is despair?
A novel depression treatment involving external stimulation of neurons of the prefrontal cortex
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation?
This part of the brain was named after its resemblance to a sea horse
What is the hippocampus?
When this neurotransmitter is depleted it is theorized to cause depression (eg. serotonin)
What are monoamines?
Addictive drugs increase dopamine signaling in this area of the brain
What is the basal ganglia?
What is 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/ecstasy?
This condition of the famous patient SM made her unable to experience a fear response
What is an amygdala lesion?
This theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion
What is the James-Lange theory?
Another name for vasopressin
What is anti diuretic hormone (ADH)?