Exogenous friends for endogenous cells
The most commonly used optogenetics receptor in research.
What is channelrhodopsin2?
Trillions
How many neurons are in the human brain?
Cats are a necessary host to this parasite, which can induce changes in neurons by functionally silencing them or hindering apoptosis.
What is Toxoplasma gondii?
A natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
What is a circadian rhythm?
All of these drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine & serotonin in the NAcc.
What are drugs of abuse?
This red-shifted ion-gated channel is activated by 590 nm light.
What is Chrimson?
20 nanometers
What is the average size of a synapse?
Meningitis can be caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, or even drugs. Infection results in acute inflammation of meninges, which are ____.
What are protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (or CNS)?
This neurohormone is primarily released by the pineal gland and important in synchronizing the circadian rhythm.
What is melatonin?
In extreme situations, serotonin molecules can bind this target to be reuptaken.
What is the dopamine transporter?
This muscarinic GPCR becomes activated by a DREADD and decreases the probability of neuronal firing.
What is hM4Di?
14
How many serotonin receptors are there?
Infection with this virus during pregnancy can cause microcephaly in the offspring, a condition in which the baby's head is smaller than expected.
What is the zika virus?
This nucleus, located in the hypothalamus, is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
What is cheese?
This newer DREADD is activated by salvinorin B to produce inhibitory effects.
What is kappa-opioid receptor (KORD)?
51
How many Brodmann Areas are there in humans?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, also known as "mad cow disease" causes the infected animal to act strangely and lose control of its behavior. It is caused by a prion, which is ______.
What is an abnormally folded protein?
Time cells, like place cells, reliably fire at specific and consistent moments. These cells are found in these two brain regions.
What is the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex?
These five monoamine neurotransmitters are derived from tyrosine and tryptophan.
What are serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
This is an inhibitory halorhodopsin with an excitation wavelength of 589 nm.
What is eNpHR 3.0?
AP 2.1, ML 0.6, DV -1.0
What is the frontal cortex?
Found in freshwaters, rivers, and hot springs, this bacteria-eating microorganism can cause sudden, severe, and fatal brain infection called naegleriasis.
What is the "brain-eating amoeba" or Naegleria fowleri?
These types of neurons, referred to as ________, encode elapsed time in dynamically changing patterns of neural activity.
What are population clocks?
Brexpiprazole is a partial agonist at 5HT1A and D2 receptors at similar potencies. It belongs to this family of antipsychotic drugs.
What are serotonin-dopamine activity modulators (SDAMs)?