BRAIN INJURIES (GENERAL)
What kind of TBI is it when the skull is intact, with no penetration of the skull?
Closed head Injury
What are the two types of stroke?
Ischemic and hemorrhagic
Agnosia is the ability to recognize incoming info.
True or False?
False.
Agnosia is the INABILITY to recognize incoming info despite intact sensation
Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD)
Support and motivation play a key role in recovery?
True or False?
True
Traumatic Brain Injury is an insult to the brain not of degenerative or congenital nature but caused by external. Which can also involve impairment in cognitive abilities or physical functioning.
True or False?
True.
Thrombosis
Inability to comprehend written language and has damage to left PTO?
Alexia
What parts of the brain are abnormal when it comes to autism?
Cerebellum and limbic system
What are 3 factors influencing the potential for recovery?
1.The nature of the damage.
2.Person's age.
2.Their experience.
Which kind of TBI occurs in a specific location?
Focal
-Results from direct mechanical forces.
What does the FAST acronym stand for?
Face- uneven smile
Arm- one weak arm
Speech- slurred speech
Time- Call 911
What is unilateral neglect?
Is the failure to respond or orient to stimuli presented contralateral to the brain lesion. Also known as hemi-inattention or hemi-spacial neglect.
How does regulatory disorder affect infants vs children?
infants- problems sleeping, self consoling, eating, arousal, mood regulations
young children-irritability, hypersensitivity
When does synaptic effectiveness return?
Once the edema resolves and there is the relief of pressure on the presynaptic neuron
What are the two communication-related manifestations of TBI?
AND
Aphasia= Left Hemisphere damage
What type of stroke is rare?
Progressive Stroke
Spatial relations is determining the location of objects and settings and route to locations.
True or False?
False.
TOPOGRAPHICAL ORIENTATION is determining the location of objects and settings and route to locations
What are the symptoms of Korsakov's syndrome?
-Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
-Confabulation- spontaneously reporting events that didn't happen.
What are the medications to dissolve blood clots?
1.TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)- has to be administered within 3 hours
2.Thrombolytics
3.Drugs to mop up free radicals
4.Drugs to decrease swelling, keep edema down (steroids)
What happens during a diffuse axonal injury?
-A stretch injury to the membrane of an axon, which leads to axon breakage.
-Causes brain cells to die which causes brain swelling.
-Increased pressure can cause decreased blood flow to the brain which can cause more injury
-Shearing can also lead to the release of chemicals and can also contribute to more brain injury.
What are the causes of Hemorrhagic Stroke?
-High Blood Pressure
-Aneurysm is a weak spot in an artery wall.
-Amyloid Protein which makes vessels more prone to bursting.
List the 3 types of limb apraxia and what they have difficulty with?
1. Ideomotor- has difficulty executing motor commands
2. Ideational-has difficulty sequencing and motor planning
3.Conceptual-has difficulty using tools
What is the difference between Retrograde and anterograde?
Retrograde- loss of memory of events before the trauma/injury occurs (can still make new memories)
Anterograde-loss of memory of events occurring after the injury (loss of day to day memory)
How can OT's help improve ADL's?
-muscular training
-sensory re-education
-neuromuscular re-education
-compensatory methods
-adaptive equipment
-caregiver training