Show:
RMP and Action Potentials
Neuroanatomy
Cranial Nerves
Neurotransmitters
Anxiety/Depression
100

Which ion has the greatest influence on establishing the resting membrane potential?

  • A) Sodium (Na+)
  • B) Potassium (K+)
  • C) Calcium (Ca2+)
  • D) Chloride (Cl-)

B) Potassium (K+)

100

Which structure is responsible for connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

A. Longitudinal fissure
B. Central sulcus
C. Corpus callosum
D. Lateral fissure

C. Corpus callosum

100

Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression?

  • a) Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
  • b) Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
  • c) Facial nerve (CN VII)
  • d) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

c) Facial nerve (CN VII)

100

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, and is often linked to depression when levels are low?

  • a) Glutamate
  • b) Norepinephrine
  • c) Serotonin
  • d) Endorphin
c) Serotonin
100

Which drug class is recommended for short-term treatment of anxiety disorders?

  • a) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  • b) Benzodiazepines
  • c) Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
  • d) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)


b) Benzodiazepines

200

What triggers the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels during an action potential?

  • A) Inactivation gate closing
  • B) Depolarization of the membrane
  • C) Hyperpolarization of the membrane
  • D) Binding of neurotransmitters

B) Depolarization of the membrane

200

Which cortical lobe is primarily associated with vision?

A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe

D. Occipital lobe

200

Which cranial nerve is involved in hearing and balance?

  • a) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
  • b) Abducens nerve (CN VI)
  • c) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
  • d) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

d) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

200

Which neurotransmitter is essential for muscle contraction and is also involved in learning and memory?

  • a) Serotonin
  • b) Acetylcholine
  • c) Dopamine
  • d) Glutamate


b) Acetylcholine
200

Which of the following is a symptom required for the diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to DSM-5-TR?

  • a) Hallucinations
  • b) Excessive anxiety for at least 3 months
  • c) Difficulty concentrating
  • d) Increased appetite



c) Difficulty concentrating

300

Which of the following is a characteristic of action potentials but not graded potentials?

  • A) Amplitude dependent on stimulus intensity
  • B) Ability to decay over distance
  • C) All-or-none response
  • D) Occurs only in response to sensory stimuli

C) All-or-none response

300

The central sulcus separates which two cortical lobes?

A. Frontal and temporal lobes
B. Parietal and occipital lobes
C. Frontal and parietal lobes
D. Temporal and occipital lobes

C. Frontal and parietal lobes

300

Which cranial nerve has both sensory and motor functions, and is involved in taste, salivation, and controlling muscles for swallowing?

  • a) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
  • b) Accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • c) Vagus nerve (CN X)
  • d) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

a) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

300

Which type of receptor is slow-acting and utilizes second messengers like cAMP and PI?

  • a) Ionotropic
  • b) Metabotropic
  • c) Nicotinic
  • d) Muscarinic

b) Metabotropic

300

What is the main risk associated with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-Is) and certain foods?

A. Hypoglycemic shock
B. Hypertensive crisis
C. Severe dehydration
D. Hyperthyroidism


B. Hypertensive crisis

400

During which period can a second action potential be generated but requires a larger-than-normal stimulus?

  • A) Absolute refractory period
  • B) Relative refractory period
  • C) Resting membrane potential
  • D) After-hyperpolarization


B) Relative refractory period

400

Which subcortical structure is essential for spatial memory?

A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Hippocampus
D. Amygdala

C. Hippocampus

400

A 45-year-old patient presents with tongue deviation towards the damaged side when protruded. Based on this, which cranial nerve is most likely damaged? 

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

400

Which neurotransmitter's synthesis involves the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase?

  • a) Dopamine
  • b) Serotonin
  • c) Glutamate
  • d) GABA

b) Serotonin

400

What are the two core symptoms required for the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

A) Anhedonia and weight loss
B) Depressed mood and psychomotor agitation
C) Depressed mood and anhedonia
D) Sleep disturbance and fatigue

C) Depressed mood and anhedonia

500

What is the primary reason for the negative charge inside a resting neuron compared to the outside?

  • A) High concentration of sodium ions inside the neuron
  • B) High concentration of potassium ions outside the neuron
  • C) High concentration of negatively charged proteins inside the neuron
  • D) Equal distribution of ions across the membrane

C) High concentration of negatively charged proteins inside the neuron

500

How many spinal nerves exit the spinal cord at the lumbar level?

A. 8
B. 12
C. 5
D. 4

C. 5

500

Which cranial nerve can be assessed by asking a patient to shrug their shoulders and turn their head in resistance?

CN XI Accessory

500

Which neurotransmitter's receptors include both D1 and D2 families and is linked to physiological roles like movement and addiction?

  • a) Serotonin
  • b) Norepinephrine
  • c) Dopamine
  • d) Glutamate


c) Dopamine

500

Which antidepressant is known to block the serotonin transporter and also has a therapeutic lag?

A) Phenelzine
B) Fluoxetine
C) Selegiline
D) Ketamine

B) Fluoxetine