CNS Anatomy
What does the diencephalon consist of?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, sub-thalamus
How many cranial nerve nuclei are found in the brainstem?
9/12
What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
What type of touch are tickle and itch?
Coarse touch
Where is reflexive movement initiated?
At the spinal cord level
What layer of the cortex are the dominant cells of the primary motor cortex found in? What are they called?
Layers 3 and 5
Pyramidal cells
What are the two parts of the midbrain?
Tectum and tegmentum
What connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?
Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Slyvius)
What are stereognosis and barognosis considered?
Combined cortical sensations
What is the brainstems role in the motor system?
Conduit for descending motor tracts and a site of origination for some motor tracts in charge of balance and posture
Damage to what area of the brain causes uni-lateral neglect?
Posterior Parietal Area
What is the control center for pain modulation in the brainstem called?
Periaqueductal gray
What two arteries converge to form the circle of willis?
What sensory endings respond to rapid stretch?
Type 1a afferent neurons = annulospiral
What are the two types of lower motor neurons?
Alpha and Gamma
Which thalamic nuclei is responsible for processing auditory information?
Medial geniculate nucleus
What are the neural networks located in the spinal cord that can produce rhythmic patterned outputs?
Central Pattern Generators
If you damage the middle cerebral artery, will the arm or leg be more effected?
arm
What kind of nerve fibers carry information related to fast pain, cool temperature, and noxious heat?
A-delta
Where do alpha motor neurons supplying flexors tend to be located in the spinal cord?
The hypothalamus is anatomically part of ______, but functionally part of _______.
Diencephalon, limbic system
Which lateral tract of the spinal cord carries unconscious proprioceptive information?
Spinocerebellar Tract
Vertebrobasilar Stroke
What type of information does the medial lemniscal pathway carry?
Conscious proprioception, vibration sense, discriminative touch
What prevents excessive reflex response to normal changes in muscle length?
Pre-synaptic inhibition