History
What infamous procedure was historically used to treat mental disorders?
A. appendectomies
B. spinal fusion
C. craniotomy
D. lobotomy
D. lobotomy
What is the name of the wire-like bundle of neurons that send signals throughout the body?
A. nerve
B. cerebellum
C. dopamine
D. receptor
A. nerve
What is another word for nerve cell?
A. myelin
B. axon
C. neuron
D. receptor
C. neuron
What imaging technique uses powerful magnets to capture images from inside the body?
A. X-ray
B. fluorescence microscopy
C. cell staining
D. MRI
D. MRI
Which organ uses the most energy?
A. heart
B. liver
C. lungs
D. brain
D. brain
What famous Greek philosopher believed that the heart was the center of thought and emotion?
A.René Descartes
B. Pythagoras
C. Confucius
D. Aristotle
D. Aristotle
Which part of the nervous system includes the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. cerebellum
D. brainstem
B. peripheral nervous system
What are the chemical messangers that neurons use to communicate with each other called?
A. action potentials
B. neurotransmitters
C. cell bodies
D. vesicles
B. neurotransmitters
What does EEG stand for?
A. exoepicerebral graph
B. external electricity generator
C. electroencephalogram
D. endogenous epilepsy gauge
C. electroencephalogram
What is neuroplasticity?
A. the process of the brain changing shape to fit inside the skull during growth
B. a measure of the amount of microplastics in the brain
C. the study of how nerves grow inside the body
D. the brain's ability to reorganize and grow in response to new experiences
D. the brain's ability to reorganize and grow in response to new experiences
Which scientist discovered "animal electricity" while dissecting frog legs?
A. Luigi Galvani
B. Nikola Tesla
C. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D. Charles Darwin
A. Luigi Galvani
What area of the brain is associated with memory?
A. hippocampus
B. pons
C. cerebellum
D. vestibular system
A. hippocampus
What is a synapse?
A. the protective covering around a neuron
B. the junction where one neuron communicates with another cell
C. the part of the neuron that contains DNA
D. the structure that produces myelin
B. the junction where one neuron communicates with another cell
What apparatus, typically employing levers, lights, and/or sounds, is used to study reinforcement and learning in animals?
A. Morris water maze
B. operant conditioning chamber
C. autoclave
D. tachistoscope
B. operant conditioning chamber
About how many neurons are in the brain?
A. 86,000
B. 86 million
C. 86 billion
D. 86 trillion
C. 86 billion
Who discovered that nerve tissue is made of individual cells, rather than being a continuous network?
A. Camillo Golgi
B. Santiago Ramón y Cajal
C. Isaac Newton
D. Alessandro Volta
B. Santiago Ramón y Cajal
What dopamine-rich tract plays a role in reward and motivation?
A. corpus callosum
B. hypothalamus
C. mesolimbic pathway
D. corticospinal tract
C. mesolimbic pathway
What is the name of the gaps along the myelin sheath?
A. nodes of Ranvier
B. axon bridges
C. Golgi's fissures
D. ionic gaps
A. nodes of Ranvier
What protein, originally found in a jellyfish, is commonly used to highlight cells under black light?
A. GFP
B. methylene blue
C. glutamate
D. AXR
A. GFP
What sense is most closely tied memory and emotions?
A. sight
B. smell
C. hearing
D. touch
B. smell
Which animal has an exceptionally large axon that scientists used to uncover the mechanisms of action potentials?
A. giraffe
B. whale
C. squid
D. lizard
C. squid
What embryonic structure gives rise to the central nervous system?
A. brain stem
B. neural tube
C. pluripotent cell
D. neuronal stratum
B. neural tube
What is the name of the highly branched excitatory cells found in the cerebral cortex?
A. oligodendrocyte
B. motor neuron
C. pyramidal cell
D. mitochondria
C. pyramidal cell
What technique uses electricity and antibodies to separate and identify molecules?
A. centrifugation
B. patch clamp recording
C. scanning electron microscopy
D. Western blot
D. Western blot
The brain uses about the same amount of power as which object?
A. mini fridge
B. toaster
C. lightbulb
D. computer
C. lightbulb