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Prehistory
Mesopotamian Civilizations
Egypt
World Religions
Surprise Me
100
What does Prehistory mean?
The time period before humans began writing history down.
100
What is an empire?
A nation where one person rules a large number of people and a large amount of land.
100
Name one famous Egyptian pharaoh, and what they accomplished.
1. Hatshepsut – first female pharaoh, fixed trade networks ruined by invasions. 2. Thutmose III expanded Egypt’s empire ?to its largest size, conquered ?to Mesopotamia.? 3. Tutankhamun – Only intact tomb (grave) ever found, ruled from age of 10 to 19.
100
What is polytheism?
Belief in more than one god.
100
What does Mesolithic mean?
The Middle Stone Age
200
What skills did humans develop in the Neolithic?
Better stone tools, animal domestication.
200
What is the definition of a civilization? (What makes it a civilization and not a small nomad tribe?)
People with: Advanced laws Political organization (Kings, rulers, taxes) religious organizations (gods, priests, temples)
200
Name two important developments in Egypt.
1. Papyrus writing paper (Egyptian writing can still be found) 2. Good medical care
200
What does the word "Judaism" mean?
"People of Judah" or "Religion of the people of God" Sometimes, they are also called "People of the Book"
200
Thousands of years ago, bronze weapons allowed civilizations to form powerful militaries. How was bronze made?
Combining copper and tin, or copper and arsenic.
300
What advantages did the development of Iron bring?
Because iron is easy to find, it is cheaper, which meant more weapons/better equipped military. Iron is sharper and stronger than bronze (but heavier)
300
Describe two similarities between all Mesopotamian civilizations.
They all used mud mixed with grass dried in the hot sun, called “mud-brick” built walls for defense built religious temples of mud-brick
300
Describe three things about the Nile river that makes it important.
1. 4000 miles long, runs north (unusual) 2. It floods every spring, bringing fresh dirt. (Egypt = food) 3. The wind blows to the south, sailboats can go upriver. 4. Provides water, but surrounded by desert. (protection)
300
What does the word "Islam" mean, and who founded it?
"Submission to god" Founded by Muhammed
300
In which Stone Age did humans discover agriculture, growing plants for food?
The Mesolithic
400
How did resources help early civilizations?
People with access to natural resources developed faster.
400
Who was the first major empire in Mesopotamia, and what do we still use that they developed?
Sumerians developed the first 24-hour day, the 60 second/60 minute count of time cycles on Earth.
400
Name three similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia.
a. Both had rivers for water and good soil for farming. b. Both had large empires and used bronze weapons. c. Both had polytheistic religions and strong governments.
400
Describe 2 similarities and 2 differences between Hinduism and Buddhism.
1. Similarities: Both believe that life is sad and evil. Both believe in reincarnation Both are usually vegetarians. 2. Differences Buddhists believe all people are equal. Hindus believe some people are better because they are closer to being Brahman. Buddhists believe they can reach nirvana in this lifetime. Hindus believe enlightenment takes many lifetimes to learn.
400
What was a ziggurat, and how was it made?
A ziggurat is a mud-brick temple to a god in Mesopotamia. Mud-brick is made from mud, mixed with straw, dried in the desert sun to be rock hard.
500
What effect did powerful empires have on language and trade?
Powerful empires spread language as far as the empire controlled. Technology spreads through trade. The more trade is controlled, the more wealth an empire gets.
500
Why was Mesopotamia the place where the first great empires formed?
1. They had water and fresh dirt for growing food. 2. Lots of animals that are easily tamed. 3. Access to food caused huge population growth.
500
Describe the major differences between Egypt and Mesopotamian civilizations (Akkadians, Sumerians, Babylonians)
1. Rich Egyptians used a lot of stone, when most Mesopotamian tribes used mud-brick. 2. Mesopotamian groups believed their kings were picked by gods. Egyptians believed pharaohs were gods. 3. Mesopotamia – collapse due to climate change. ?Egypt – many collapses due to riots, outside attack.
500
What similarities and differences do Islam and Christianity have?
Similar: One god. Give money to the poor. City of Jerusalem is sacred. Different: Islam, Jesus a prophet. Christian, Jesus is God. Islam, 5 pillars to save you from sin. Christian, faith in Jesus.
500
Who was Hammurabi, and why was he important to history? Describe two reasons.
1. Hammurabi conquered Babylon, improved trade, built walls. 2. Hammurabi was called "the law-giver“, he had all the laws carved on huge stones. 3. Because it was written down on stone, everyone knew what the law was. (Better organization)