Berlin, Brussels, and Kinshasa
the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
imperialism
Who is known as the Father of Modern Egypt?
Muhammad Ali
Who led a fleet of American warships into Tokyo Bay and demanded the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. trade?
Commodore Matthew Perry
Who claimed Australia for Great Britain in 1770?
Captain James Cook
What was the statement issued by U.S. President James Monroe in 1823 in which he declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits for European interference?
the Monroe Doctrine
Who exploited Congo’s resources and brutalized its people with his private colony until international outrage forced him to turn over his personal colony to the Belgian government?
King Leopold II of Belgium
What conflict started in 1839 between Chinese warships and British merchants and ended with the domination of China by Britain?
the Opium War
What was the first time in modern history that an Asian power humbled a European nation?
Russo-Japanese War
The Constitutional Act of 1791 created Upper Canada and Lower Canada, which eventually were renamed what?
Ontario and Quebec
Who ruled Mexico as a dictator from 1876 to 1911, promoting “Order and Progress”?
List the two economic motivations for new imperialism
access to natural resources
access to new markets of consumers
What conflict swept across northern and central India in 1857 in an attempt to restore Mughal rule?
the Sepoy Rebellion
What was the name for the region that is now Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia?
French Indochina
What is a place where convicted criminals are sent to be punished through hard labor?
penal colony
Who unsuccessfully led the fight of American forces for three years, resulting in thousands of American deaths and hundreds of thousands of Filipino deaths?
Emilio Aguinaldo
What were the three results of the Berlin Conference?
They recognized Leopold’s private claims to the Congo Free State but demanded free trade on the Congo and Niger rivers
They determined that European powers must set up government offices in any territories that they claimed
In the 20 years after the Berlin Conference, Europe had partitioned almost the entire African continent with little regard for traditional patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries
What was the 1900 conflict in China that sought to expel Western influence from the country?
the Boxer Rebellion
What group established bases in the Spice Islands in the 1600s, eventually dominating all of Indonesia with trade in coffee, indigo, and spices?
the Dutch East India Company
Who are the the indigenous people of Australia?
Aborigines
Who tried to reduce foreign influence on Hawaii in 1893, causing American sugar planters to overthrow the independent kingdom?
Queen Liliuokalani
Briefly describe the three forms of imperial rule.
Colonies—direct administration and imposition of imperial culture
Protectorate—local rulers left in place but expected to follow advice of European advisors on issues
Sphere of influence—an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
Who was the first president of the new Chinese republic who promoted the three principles of nationalism, democracy, and livelihood?
Sun Yixian
What was the period of Japanese history from 1868 to 1912 in which reformers strengthened Japan through the adoption of Western economic practices and military technology?
the Meiji Restoration
Who are the indigenous people of New Zealand?
the Maori
What were the three achievements of Benito Juarez in Mexico?
united Mexico, brought mestizos into politics, and separated church and state