Key groups
What was the Berlin Conference
a meeting at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa (conference)
What is Hinduism?
a polytheistic religion that developed in India thousands of years ago
Define the Kshatriyas
part of the Indian caste system associated with rulers and warriors including property owners
Who was Suez Canal?
a man-made waterway, which was opened in 1869 connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
What is Imperialism?
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
What was "jewel of the crown?"
the British colony of India - so called because of its importance in the British Empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British trade goods
What is Islam
a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century AD
Define the Brahmins
part of the Indian caste system associated with priests and the learned class
Who was Menelik II
emperor of Ethiopia in 1889 who successfully kept it from being colonized
What is sphere of influence?
a foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities
What is the British East India Company
a British company that governed a large portion of India
What is Buddhism
a nontheistic religion that developed in India around 600 BC
Define the Vaisyas
part of the Indian caste system associated with commercial livelihoods or traders
Who was Mohandas Gandhi
a political and spiritual leader in India who led the struggle for independence from the British that used non-violent civil disobedience
What is Social Darwinism?
the application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies, particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
Who was Indian National Congress?
Largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence movement
What is Sepoy Mutiny
attempts at Christianization were among the factors that fueled the Sepoy Mutiny
Define the Sudras
part of the Indian caste system associated with servile laborers
Who was Nelson Mandela?
a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999
What is assimilation?
the adoption of a conqueror's culture by a conquered people
What was the Amritsar Massacre
the massacre of Indian people by British soldiers because of a protest, that killed somewhere between 300 and over 1000 people
What is Christianity
Christianity is a religion centered on the belief in Jesus Christ
Define the Untouchables
people outside the caste system, with very low social status
Who was Shaka Zulu
an African leader who conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation in the early 1800s
What is paternalism
a policy of treating subject people as if they were children providing for their needs but not giving them rights