A
What role did Samantas play in politics?
They were expected to bring gifts for their kings or overlords, be present at their courts and provide them with military support.
As samantas gained power they declared themselves to be_________.
maha-samantas
______________were composed by learned brahamanas
prashastis
What was the term used for the assembly of Brahmanas?
Sabha
What is the land donated to Jaina institutions?
pallichchhandam
Who were nagarams?
Association of traders
what was vellangai?
was a land of non- brahmans peasants proprietors
give an example of prashasti?
Achievements of nagabhata
Prithviraj iii was popular .....
i)Chola
ii)pala
iii)Chauhan
Chauhan
What were the two major cities under the control of Chauhans?
Delhi and Ajmer
Tang dynasty remained in power between the_______and _______century.
7th and 10th century
Why did the rulers target temples while raging a war?
Temples were destroyed by invading rulers as they were a symbol of the power, prestige, and wealth of a king. The king was viewed as a representative of God. They were also a large store of treasure and riches. Thus, temples were viewed as targets that were to be attacked in the course of battles.
Give another word for tirunamattukkani with its meaning.
Devadana,land gifted to temples
What were the changes in Tamil Nadu irrigation works?
In some areas, wells were dug. In other places, huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater. Remember that irrigation works require planning – organizing labour and resources, maintaining these works, and deciding on how water is to be shared. Most of the new rulers, as well as people living in villages, took an active interest in these activities.
What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire?
The qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire were:
i. They should be owners of land from which land revenue is collected.
ii. They should have their own homes.
iii. They should be between 35 and 70 years of age.
iv. They should have knowledge of the Vedas.
v. They should be well-versed in administrative matters and honest.
What was vetti?
A tax taken in form of forced labour.
What was kadamai?
land revenue
What was hiranya garbha?
It was a ritual in which the sacrificer will reborn as a Kshatriya even not by birth. (literally a golden womb)
Who introduced hiranya garbha?
Dantidurga
What was the meaning of maharaja-adhiraja and tribhuvan-chakravartin?
maharaja-adhiraja (great king, overlord of kings), Tribhuvan-chakravartin (lord of the three worlds)
How did the Cholas rise to power?
The Chola Empire was founded by Vijayalaya. He took over the Tanjore kingdom in the 8th century and led to the rise of the mighty Cholas by defeating the Pallavas. Tanjore was hence made the first capital of the eminent Chola Empire. Aditya I succeeded Vijayalaya to become the ruler of the empire.
Describe several categories of land mentioned in cholas inscriptions.
What were prashastis?
Prashastis are a special kind of inscription, meaning “in praise of”. They were composed by learned Brahmans in praise of the rulers, which may not be literally true; but, they tell us how rulers of that time wanted to illustrate themselves.
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
Rashtrakutas were subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka. However, in the mid-eighth century, Rashtrakuta chief Dantidurga defeated his Chalukya overlord and performed the Hiranyagarbha ritual, establishing his right to rule. When this ritual was performed with the help of Brahmanas, it was thought to lead to the rebirth of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya, even if he was not one by birth.
How did Chola temple become a hub of economic social and cultural life?
Chola temples often became the nuclei of settlements that grew around them. These were centers of craft production. Temples were also endowed with land by rulers as well as by others. The produce of this land went to maintain all the specialists who worked at the temple and very often lived near it – priests, garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, etc. In other words, temples were not only places of worship; they were the hub of economic, social, and cultural life as well.