Can I See ID?
Jonas Salk developed the first effective vaccine for this debilitating viral disease in 1955.
Polio
Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953. However, Albert Sabin’s oral polio vaccine (OPV), introduced in the 1960s, became more widely used worldwide for a time because it was cheaper and easier to administer. Many developed nations have switched back to Salk’s inactivated vaccine bc OPV has a small risk of re-activation.
When small pouches form in the lining of the colon, this condition is diagnosed, which can become inflamed or infected
diverticulosis
This is an inappropriate triggering of the coagulation cascade resulting in consumption of coagulation factors.
DIC
Most common form of arthritis worldwide
(100 point bonus: How many Americans are affected?)
Osteoarthritis
Approximately 32.5 million adults in the United States are affected by osteoarthritis (OA)
In public health, the term for preventative measures—like wearing seatbelts or using mosquito nets—aimed to stop accidents or infections from occurring in the first place.
primary prevention
Three drugs that are first line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in women.
nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or fosfomycin
What component of quadruple therapy for H. Pylori turns stool black?
Bismuth
TTP is specifically related to a severe deficiency in ____
ADAMTS13
Characterized by widespread pain and specific “tender points,” this chronic condition often coexists with fatigue and sleep problems.
fibromyalgia
Thanks to widespread vaccination, this once-feared infectious disease caused by Variola virus was declared eradicated worldwide in 1980.
smallpox
Nicknamed “breakbone fever” due to severe joint and muscle pain, this mosquito-borne viral disease is prevalent in tropical regions.
dengue fever
Top 3 most commonly used GI medications in USA
1. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): PPIs, such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole, are widely used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. They are the mainstay of therapy for these conditions and are among the top-selling drugs in the U.S.
2. Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs): H2RAs, such as ranitidine and famotidine, are commonly used for the treatment of GERD and peptic ulcer disease. They are often used as an alternative or adjunct to PPIs.
3. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 3350): PEG 3350 is a commonly used osmotic laxative for the treatment of chronic constipation. It is frequently recommended by gastroenterologists for its efficacy and safety profile.
Name for a disorder of malignant plasma cells.
Multiple Myeloma
This chronic inflammatory disease primarily affects the axial skeleton, especially the sacroiliac joints, and can lead to a “bamboo spine.”
ankylosing spondylitis
Sometimes abbreviated “DALYs,” these metrics are used to measure the overall disease burden by combining years of life lost due to mortality with years lived with disability.
Disability-Adjusted Life Years?
What are the top 3 leading infectious causes of death worldwide? (200 points for naming; 200 for putting in correct order)
1. Tuberculosis (TB): TB remains the leading infectious cause of death globally, responsible for approximately 1.4 million deaths in 2019.
2. HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS is a major global health issue, causing around 1.3 million deaths in 2019.
3. Malaria: Malaria is a significant cause of mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 1.2 million deaths in 2019.
Typical MELD cutoff for transplant consideration
15
This blood product given to replace coagulation factor deficiencies must be ABO compatible.
fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
• FFP contains plasma, which includes antibodies (e.g., anti-A or anti-B), so it must be ABO-compatible with the recipient’s blood type to prevent a hemolytic reaction.
What is the most specific blood test for lupus?
anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody. 98% specificity
Top 3 contributor to DALYs in USA
1. Ischemic heart disease: This condition remains the leading cause of DALYs, reflecting its significant impact on both mortality and morbidity.
2. Lung cancer: Lung cancer is a major contributor to DALYs due to its high mortality rate and the substantial years of life lost.
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): COPD is the third leading cause of DALYs, driven by its chronic nature and the significant disability it causes.
What are the top 3 infectious causes of death in the USA? (excluding "sepsis" given vagueness)
1. Lower respiratory infections: In 2020, influenza and pneumonia accounted for 53,544 deaths.
2. Septicemia: In 2020, septicemia was responsible for 55,547 deaths.
3. COVID-19: In 2020, COVID-19 was the underlying cause of death for 350,831 individuals.
4. HIV/AIDS: In 2020, HIV/AIDS caused 5,044 deaths.
This scoring system, calculated from prothrombin time and bilirubin levels, helps determine the severity of alcoholic hepatitis, with a score above 32 often indicating the need for steroid therapy.
What is Maddrey’s Discriminant Function
What disease is characterized by episodic abdominal pain and dark urine and is treated with glucose loading and hemin?
What is acute intermittent porphyria?
An eponymous syndrome with nodular RA, neutropenia and splenomegaly.
What is Felty's Syndrome?
Top 3 Contributors to DALYs worldwide
1. Ischemic heart disease: This condition is the leading cause of DALYs globally, reflecting its significant impact on both mortality and morbidity.
2. Cerebrovascular disease: This includes conditions such as stroke, which are major contributors to global DALYs due to their high prevalence and severe disability outcomes.
3. Lower respiratory infections: These infections, including pneumonia, are a leading cause of DALYs, particularly affecting children and the elderly, and are a significant cause of both mortality and years lived with disability.