Water
The chemical formula for water
H2O
What is the monomer and polymer of a carbohydrate?
monomer: monosaccharide
polymer: polysaccharide
What is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids?
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: nucleic acids
Which energy source gives the most amount of energy? Why is it not used at the primary source of energy?
Fats give 9cal/g but are harder to utilize and require more energy to break down.
A substance that is attracted to water is called______.
hydrophilic
What are the six elements that make up the ingredients of life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur (CHONPS)
What is the monomer and polymer of a lipid?
Monomer: fatty acid
Polymer: Triglyceride, Phospholipid
What is the monomer and polymer of proteins?
Monomer: amino acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Which macromolecule is not obtained from food and where do we get it?
Nucleic Acids are not obtained from food.
We get it from our parents (inherited).
What is called the Universal Solvent. What does this mean and why is it true?
Most substances can be dissolved in water because water is a polar molecule.
What is the difference between an atom and a cell?
A cell is the basic unit of life. It is made of molecules, which are made of atoms.
What is the primary source of energy for a living organism?
Carbohydrates, then fats
Nucleic Acids are never used an an energy source.
Proteins are used as a last resort, because they are too important for all necessary life functions.
What elements are found in each of the macromolecules?
Carbs and Fats: C,H,O
Proteins: C, H, O, N, P, S
Nucleic Acids: C, H, O, N, P
This property makes water molecules stick to each other and causes surface tension.
cohesion
atom - element - molecule - macromolecule - cell - tissue - organs - organ systems - organism
Give three main functions of carbohydrates in an organism? Give an example of a carbohydrate.
Short term energy storage, structure, transportation, signaling
Example: starch, sugar, foods such as pasta, bread, potatoes, fruits, veggies
Give three main functions of nucleic acids in an organism? Give an example of a nucleic acid.
Contains the information for all cellular functions, provides instructions for making proteins, genetic information (inheritance)
Example: DNA, RNA
Explain what makes proteins the most diverse macromolecule.
They are the most diverse in function because they are the most diverse in shape; their form dictates their function.
There are 4 levels to their structures giving them great variety. (chains, spirals, 3D folding)
Name two more properties of water that makes it unique and essential for life.
Water becomes less dense when it solidifies, causing ice to float and preventing bodies of water from freezing completely.
Water has a high specific heat, which means it takes a LOT of energy to change the temperature of water, and thus its temperature doesn’t fluctuate much and acts as a buffer to climate changes.
What is a solution? Define the parts and give an example.
A solution is a uniform mixture of two or more substances.
The solute is the part being dissolved.
The solvent is the dissolving part.
Example: salt and water
Give three main functions of lipids in an organism? Give an example of a lipid.
Long term energy source, insulation, cushioning/protection, structure
Example: oils, steroids, phospholipids, fats
Give three main functions of proteins in an organism? Give an example of a protein.
They do SO MANY THINGS: make up muscles, contract muscles, movement, enzymes (control all chemical reactions in the body), messengers (hormones), antibodies, etc.
Examples: hemoglobin, insulin (all hormones), collagen, found in foods like meat, soy beans, etc.
What is a phospholipid and where is it found?
A phospholipid is found in the cell membrane and is made of a phosphate head (polar) and two fatty acid tails (nonpolar).