Type of system that continually interacts with its environment.
What is an open system?
Procedure that defines and ensures maintenance of standards within prescribed tolerances.
Who is the Quality Assurance?
The most important internal control in the foodservice system.
What is the menu?
Food product flow begins with this step.
What is receiving?
Casual models that are based on the assumption that the linear relationship between variables will continue for a reasonable period of time.
What are regression analysis forecasting models?
Agency created by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
What is OSHA (The Occupational Safety and Health Administration)?
Mintzberg role involving hiring, training, and motivating staff.
What is the leader role?

Step that comes after gathering information.
What is identifying alternatives?

General guides used for decision making
What are policies?
Three major components of a foodservice system.
What are input, transformation, and output?
Management philosophy in which processes are refined with goal of improving performance in response to customer needs and expectations.
What is the Total Quality Management?
Designing and laying out a menu in such as way as to influence the sale of foods served on that menu.
What is a menu psychology?
System where food is prepared and served the same day on the same premises.
What is the conventional foodservice system?
Forecasting model best suited to short-term foodservice predictions.
What is a time series model?
Bacteria that grow in seawater and can contaminate shellfish such as oysters, clams, and crabs.
What is Vibrio vulnificus?
Katz management skill that understand of, and proficiency in, a specific kind of activity, particularly one involving methods or techniques. Such skill requires specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and expertise in the use of tools and procedures.
What is technical skill?
Technique that maps probabilities and consequences of choices.
What are decision trees?

Number of total hours worked in a week divided by 40 hours to determine the number of full-time equivalent employees.
What are FTEs (Full-time equivalents)?
Area where systems or subsystems come in contact.
What is an interface?
Level or degree to which managers allow employees to act independently within their job description.
What is employee empowerment?
Law requiring menus to describe foods accurately.
What is truth-in-menu legislation?
Hospital tray service in which trays are assembled near production.
What is centralized service?
5-day moving average of 150, 180, 185, 170, and 195.
What is 176?
The bacterium that is widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from feces of healthy human carriers and sheep, cattle, and poultry. It has been detected in cow's milk and has been isolated from unwashed leafy vegetables and fruit and soil.
What is Listeria monocytogenes?
Power that comes from a formal position.
What is legitimate power?
Method comparing the costs and financial benefits of a decision.
What is cost-benefit analysis?

Increase in opportunities for responsibility, achievement, growth, and recognition.
What are Job Enrichment?
Same end state reached through different inputs and processes.
What is equifinality?
A data-driven approach for improving quality by removing defects and variations in processes.
What is Six Sigma?
Social marketing campaign to increase milk consumption to three servings per day.
What is 3-A-Day?
Cook-chill and cook-freeze describe this system.
What is the ready-prepared foodservice system?
Symbol for the smoothing constant in exponential smoothing.
What is alpha (α)?
An organization responsible for the compliance of equipment with electrical safety standards.
What is Underwriters Laboratory (UL)?

Leadership style that encourages employee participation in decisions.
What is democratic leadership?
Method comparing alternatives based on cost and effectiveness.
What is cost-effectiveness analysis?

Increase in the total number of tasks employees perform.
What is Job Enlargement?
Continuous response and adaptation of a system to its internal and external environment.
What are Dynamic Equilibrium?
Approximately 80% of total sales volume comes from approximately 20% of customers.
What is Pareto analysis?
Illustration of nutrition recommendations for healthful eating of five food groups such as fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, and dairy.
What is My Plate?

The “kitchen-less kitchen” approach.
What is the assembly-serve system?
Panel of experts who individually complete questionnaires on a chosen topic until a consensus is reached.
What is Delphi technique?
Healthcare regulatory agency that determines the degree to which healthcare organization comply with established control standards.
What is Joint Commission?
Leadership grid style showing high concern for both people and production.
What is team management?
Project-planning tool used when completion times are uncertain.
What is the deterministic management technique where the time needed for completion is already known?
What is PERT(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)?
What is CPM (Critical Path Method)?

Quality or attribute protected under discrimination laws that employer may specify as a job qualification.
What is Bona Fide Occupational Qualification?